AMERICAN GEOLOGY DECADE OE 1850-1859. 4, r ). r ) 



technology in Tokyo. He returned to the United States in 1877 and 

 was reappointed to his former position in the Patent Office, where he 

 remained until 1891. 



.1 . S, Newberry was geologist to the party under Lieutenants Wil- 

 liamson and Abbot, surveying- routes in California and Oregon. 

 Newberry regarded the sandstone in the vicinity of San Francisco as 

 probably Miocene, and the serpentines as of igneous 

 Newberry's Pacific or igri n — i n this agreeing with Blake. The rocks at 



Railroad Work, 1856. » to & 



Arbuckle's diggings, near Fort Reading, were consid- 

 ered as Cretaceous. He did not agree withTrask in thinking that the 

 Sierra Nevada terminated at Lassen's Butte, or that the Coast Moun- 

 tains, when continued northward, form the Cascades of Oregon and 

 Washington. He regarded Mount Shasta as a part of the Sierra 

 Nevadas (as did also King, later), which were themselves probably of 

 greater antiquity than the Coast Range Mountains. In this he was 

 right. He thought to have discovered evidences of a continuous ice 

 sheet in the region of the Three Sisters and Mount Jefferson in the 

 Cascades. The canyons, as of the Columbia, he rightly regarded as 

 due to stream erosion, not to rifts by volcanic action. The few fossils 

 collected were described by Conrad and all as Miocene. 



The survey along the thirty-eighth and forty-first parallels was first 

 placed under the direction of Captain Gunnison, who, however, lost his 

 life in a tight with the Indians in Sevier Lake Valley in 1853. Lieut. 



E. H. Beckwith was then placed in charge, with Dr. 

 schiei's work. James Schiel as geologist. The route lay across Kansas, 



up the Arkansas River, and across the front range to 

 the valleys of the Grand and Green rivers, south of Salt Lake; thence 

 across the Humboldt Desert and Sierra Nevadas to the Pitt and Sacra- 

 mento rivers in California. The report contains scarcely anything of 

 value from a geological standpoint, being mainly mineralogical and 

 lithological, though a few invertebrate fossils are described and one 

 fossil fish, the first named being mainly specimens of Productus, 

 Terehratula, Inoceramus, and Gryphea. Nothing was said regarding 

 their probable geological age 



Dr. John Evans, whose early work in the Bad Lands is noted else- 

 where, made to Governor I. I. Stevens reports on the geology of the 

 northern route, which were, however, never printed. 

 Dr. John Evans's According to Emmons, rt two reports were made, but 



a^d r ore n go^ ashinston both were lost in transit from the Pacific Coast to 

 Territories. Washington. No final report was published, though 



correspondence shows that such was prepared and sent to the Govern- 

 ment Printing Office as early as 1861. Doctor Evans dying in 1861, 

 all trace of the manuscript appears to have been lost. 



« Presidential Address, Geological Society of Washington, 1896. 



