480 REPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1904. 



part of the territory previously gone over in connection with the Ives 

 expedition. 



The report, though written in 1860, was not published until 1876, 

 owing to the outbreak of the civil war. It comprised an octavo vol- 

 ume of 148 pages, with 8 full -page plates of fossil plants and inverte- 

 brates, and a map of the route traversed. Some of the conclusions 

 arrived at during the work of the Ives expedition were confirmed by 

 the more recent work. Perhaps the most interesting of the results as 

 given related to the orographic movements attendant upon the eleva- 

 tion of the Rocky Mountains. 



His conclusions were to the effect that — 



First. The Rock} 7 Mountains existed in embryo, at least, previous 

 to the deposition of the older Paleozoic rocks, the presence of the 

 upheaved Potsdam sandstone in the Black Hills region showing con 

 clusively that this part of the country was buried beneath the waters 

 of the primeva' "^ean. 



Second. Volcanic activity, which began as early as the Middle Ter- 

 tiary, continued even into the present epoch. 



Third. Previous to the deposition of the Lower Cretaceous strata 

 the central portion of the continent was above the ocean level, the 

 main portion of the Cretaceous sediments being deposited during the 

 period in which a subsidence of several thousand feet took place. 



Fourth. At the close of the Cretaceous age a period of elevation 

 began, which continued to the drift epoch. This was succeeded by a 

 period of depression and again by one of elevation. 



Fifth. The great elevatory movement of the Rocky Mountains took 

 place between the close of the Cretaceous period and that of the 

 Miocene Tertiary. 



Newberry was born in Connecticut, but his parents moving to Ohio 

 when he was but two years of age, he passed his boyhood in what was 

 then the western frontier. His father, in 1828, then living at Cuya- 

 hoga Falls, opened up the coal mines at Tallmadge, 

 sketch of Newberry, making the first systematic attempt at introducing coal 

 for fuel along the lake shore region. The abundant 

 and beautiful fossil flora found in the roof shales of these mines 

 undoubtedly did much toward turning the young man's thoughts 

 toward science, and a visit from James Hall in 1841, while he was but 

 nineteen years of age, still further stimulated his interest. He grad- 

 uated at the Western Reserve College in 1846, and afterwards studied 

 medicine, receiving the degree of M. D. in 1848. Two } ? ears were 

 then passed in study abroad, during which time he made his first 

 scientific publication — a description of a fossil-fish locality at Monte 

 Bolca, Italy. In 1851 he returned to America and began the pursuit 

 of medicine at Cleveland, but although acquiring a large practice he 

 was soon induced to give it up and enter upon a wider field of useful- 



