AMERICAN GEOLOGY DECADE OE 1860-1869. 507 



sorial etiquette hampered the free flow of his criticism, or the exultant prophecy of 

 the betterments of the future. * * * Himself a working geologist in the field, 

 he was well acquainted with geological methods. A teaching geologist in the uni- 

 versity, lie was skillful in imparting his own knowledge and in training others to 

 habits <>f observation and investigation. 



As a writer of books Winchell will be remembered for his Sketches 

 of Creation, L870; the Doctrine of Evolution. 1*74; Pre- Adamites, 

 L880; Sparks from a Geologist's Hammer. 1881; World Life, 1S83, 

 and his text-book. Elements of Geology, L886. Of these his work on 

 World Life is undoubtedly the one showing the greatest amount of 

 research and thought, and was at that time probably the only one in 

 the English language covering in a systematic manner the entire field 

 of world history. 



In 1859 D. IX Owen had, for the second time, accepted an appoint- 

 ment as State geologist of Indiana, but with the stipulation that, until 

 his surveys in Arkansas and Kentucky, upon which he was then engaged, 

 were completed, most of the held work should be per- 



Work ot D. D. and r ' . L 



Richard Owen in formed l>v lus brother Richard. Owing, however, to 



Indiana, 1850=1862. _ ,. .. ,,.■ i ,• n in * 



Doctor Owen s death in L8o0, the work tell wholly upon 

 the brother, who succeeded him in the office of State geologist. 



The results of the survey are comprised in an octavo volume of 364 

 pages, issued in 1862. Like other of this author's writings, it is prolix 

 and uninteresting, differing in this respect in a marked degree from 

 those of David Dale. 



The importance of fossils was recognized, and it was set down as an 

 "unquestioned truth that a certain vertical range or ascertained thick- 

 ness of fossiliferous rock is characterized by the organic remains of 

 plants and animals, differing more or less from the plants and animals in 

 the rocks above as well as those in the rocks below the given la} T ers or 

 strata/' The rocks of the State were all classified under: (1) Lower 

 Silurian; (2) Upper Silurian; (3) Devonian; (1) Subcarboniferous; 

 (5) Coal Measures, and (6) the Drift or Quaternary. Some 25 pages 

 were given up to soil analyses by Robert Peter, and 70 to a report on 

 the Distribution of the Geological Strata in the Coal Measures of the 

 State, by Leo Lesquereux 



No maps or sections accompanied the report, which, as a whole, is 

 singularly lacking in interesting or instructive matter. -I. Lesley 

 served as topographer. 



With the outbreak of the civil war Owen resigned to take command 

 of a company of volunteers, and this, the third attempt at a geological 

 survey of Indiana, came to an end. 



Prevailing ideas regarding conditions of sedimentation have been fre- 

 quently referred to in these pages, but with more particular reference to 

 the position of the sea floor — whether inclined or horizontal — upon which 

 the sedimentary beds were deposited. A new phase of the question 

 was brought to light during a discussion between W. B. Rogers and 



