568 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1904. 



George Bird Grinnell accompanied the expedition in the capacity of 

 paleontologist, though the new species of invertebrate fossils found 

 (Obol/us pectenoides, Terebratula helerta, and Lingulepis primseforinis) 

 were described and figured by R. P. Whitfield. 



.The presence of numerous bands of prospectors on the Indian res- 

 ervations of the Black Hills, led there by the reported finding of gold 

 by Custer's and other expeditions, caused the National Government, 

 in 1875, to send " trusty persons' 1 to examine the region 



Work of Jenny and , 



Newton in the and report to the Secretary of the Interior, in order 



Black Hills, 1875. L . . J ' 



that a proper basis might be secured for future nego- 

 tiations with the Indians. The locality being then comprised in the 

 Sioux Indian reservation, immediate direction of affairs was put in 

 the hands of the Indian Bureau. Under this authorization W. P. 

 Jenny was appointed to undertake the work, with Henry Newton as 

 assistant. The party entered the region on the 3d of June, some 400 

 strong, a large military guard being esteemed necessary on account 

 of the manifest discontent of the Indians, and returned to Fort Laramie 

 on October 14, after an absence of four months and twenty da} 7 s. A 

 preliminary report on the mineral resources of the Hills, accompanied 

 by a map by V. T. McGilly cuddy, the topographer, was submitted by 

 Mr. Jenny and published in the report of the Commissioner of Indian 

 Affairs for 1875. The complete report on the mineral resources, cli- 

 mate, etc., with a preliminary map, was published in the form of an 

 octavo pamphlet of 71 pages in 1876, and the final Report on the Geol- 

 ogy and Resources of the Black Hills of Dakota, in form of a quarto 

 volume of 566 pages, with large folio atlas, in 1880. This included, 

 also, the previous reports on the mineral resources, noted above. Un- 

 fortunately. Doctor Newton, to whom was left the general geology of 

 the region, died before his report was fully prepared for the press, the 

 work being ably edited by G. K. Gilbert, and the volume issued as 

 one of the monographs of the Powell surve} r . 



The Black Hills region, it will be remembered, had already been 

 touched upon and fragmentary surveys made by numerous parties, 

 including Dr. John Evans in 1819 and 1853, Thaddeus Culbertson in 

 1850, Meek and Hayden in 1853, and Hayden, with the military expe- 

 ditions of Harvey and Warren in 1855 and 1857, and with Captain 

 Raynolds in 1859. Hayden again visited the region under the auspices 

 of the Philadelphia Academy in 1866, and N. H. Winchell with Custer's 

 expedition in 1876, as just noted. Under all these conditions it is dif- 

 ficult to estimate the value of the work of Newton, Much that he 

 stated in his report had already been made known by the authorities 

 mentioned above. On the other hand, much that he might have had 

 in mind to say has never appeared, owing to his untimely death. 



The summary of Black Hills history, as given, shows an older 

 Archean consisting of shales and sandstones over which, after an inter- 



