appendix a: geological column. 



Development of GeologiSh.1 Column — Continued. 



681 



De La Beche, 1832. 



Lyell, 1837. 



Superior 

 stratified, 

 or fossil-' 

 Lferous 



I Detritus such as is pro- 

 duced bv causes now in 

 action, as coral islands. 

 travertine, etc. 

 I Transported bowlders and 

 blocks; gravel on hills 

 and plains apparently 

 produced by greater 

 forces than those now in 

 action. 



q a,,™-;,™ r-™ (Various deposits above the 

 3. .Superior Cre-I chalk) su £ h as the Crag 



lr nrf U I Isle 0f Wi S ht beds i Lon " 



gr< ''■ [ don plastic clay, etc. 



II. Chalk. 2. Upper Green- 

 sand. 3. Gault. 4. Lower 

 Greensand. 

 1. Weald clay. 2. Hastings 

 sands. 3. Purbeck beds. 

 5. OoliticgTOup. Oolite and Lias. 



II. Variegated or red marl. 

 2. Muschelkalk. 3. Red 

 sandstone. 4. Zechstein 

 6. Red conglomerate. 



„ r , , ;f ,, (1. Coal Measures. 2. Car 



7. Carboniferous I boniferous limestone. 3 

 I Old Red Sandstone. 

 Graywacke, graywacke 

 "imestone, graywacke 

 lay slate, etc. 

 Various slates, frequently 

 mixed with stratified 

 compounds resembling 

 thoseofunstratified rocks 

 Various schistose rocks and 

 crystalline stratified com- 

 pounds in gneiss, proto 

 gene, etc. 



5. Graywacke| G ^ a . 

 group. J c] 



Lowest Fos 

 sil if erous 



group. 



I n f e r i o r f 

 strati- No determinate 

 tied ; non- order of super 

 fossilifer- position, 

 ous. I 



IVclcanic, trap- 

 pean, serpen - 

 tlllOUS, il 11(1 

 granitic rocks. 



rocks. 



Ancient and modern lava, 

 trachyte, basalt, green- 

 stone,' corneans, augite, 

 and hornblende porphy- 

 ries, serpentine, diallage 

 rock, sienite, quartzifer 

 ous poryhyry, granite, etc. 



&-• ft 



B. Newer Mio- 

 cene. 



C. Older Plio 

 cene. 



D. Miocene 



F. Cretaceous 

 group. 



G. We aldcii 

 group. 



H. Oolitic or 

 Jura lime- 

 stone group. 



I. Lias group. 

 K . N e w Red 



sandst on e 



group. 



L. Magnesian 

 li mestone 

 group. 



M. Carbonifer- 

 ous group. 



N. O 1 d Red 

 Sandstone 

 group. 



O. Silurian 

 group. 



Primary rocks. 



Green- 



Green- 



I Consolidated sands 

 and gravels. 

 D e 1 ta formations, 

 etc. 



Marine and fresh- 

 water sands, clays, 

 limestones, etc. 



Subappenine marl, 

 English crag, ma- 

 rine and fresh 

 water. 



Faluns of Loire, etc. 



Marine and fresh 

 water. 



Calcaire Grossier, 

 etc., London clays, 

 sands, etc. .marine 

 and fresh water. 



1. Maestricht beds. 



2. Chalk with flints. 



3. Chalk without 



flints. 



4. Upper 



sand. 



5. Gault. 



6. Lower 



sand. 



1. Weald clay. 



2. Hastings sands. 



3. Purbeck beds. 



1. Portland beds. 



2. Kimmeridge 



clays. 



3. Coral rag. 



4. Oxford clay. 



5. Cornbrash. 



0. Forest marble. 



7. Great Oolite. 



8. Fuller's earth. 



9. Inferior Oolite. 

 Lias. 



1. Keuper. 



2. Muschelkalk. 



3. Bunter sand- 



stone. 



1. Magnesian lime- 



stoneand Zech- 

 stein of Ger- 

 many. 



2. Red conglomer- 



ate. 



1. Coal Measures. 



2. Mountain lime- 



stone. 



1. Old Red Sand- 

 stone. 



1. Ludlow beds. 



2. Wenlock lime- 



stone. 



3. Caradoc sand- 



stone. 



4. Llandeilo flags. 

 Rocks older than 



the Silurian, 

 graywacke, etc. 



