202 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 



marshals no longer hesitated to make arrests. On June 5 the arrest 

 of all the Fenian leaders was ordered, 1 and on June 6 President Johnson 

 issued a proclamation 2 warning all citizens of the United States not to 

 break our neutrality laws. 



In the face of such unexpected opposition from the United States 

 the Fenians on the frontier became discouraged and sullenly returned 

 homeward. During the first weeks of June many new recruits landed 

 in the places of rendezvous but these, likewise, after sizing up the situa- 

 tion, returned to the shovel and the hod. 



The energy of the Brotherhood was now centered on the old plan, 

 that of beginning the fight by an uprising in Ireland. Plans for a simul- 

 taneous outbreak in Ireland and in England were drawn up by Stephens. 

 As before, Irish- Americans, 3 in small groups, if in groups at all, were to 

 sail quietly for Ireland. The Irish and English societies were to call 

 out their military organizations. Cluseret, 4 of France, was chosen to 

 command such forces as were to be raised in England. His army, he 

 was promised, should, at the first, be no less than 10,000 strong. The 

 day appointed for the uprising was some day of January, 1867. By 

 that time arms would have arrived from the various places in Ireland 

 and England and, as well, from the United States. But only 700 of 

 Cluseret's promised army of 10,000 gathered on the appointed day. 

 Cluseret tells us that he refused to launch a revolution with such a small 

 force and so left England disgusted. But the little army could not 

 content themselves with returning home without any sort of a demon- 

 stration, so planned a raid on Chester, England. An accomplice 

 revealed the plan and the attack failed. 



In Ireland, an outbreak was planned for the early morning of March 6. 

 Once more the Irish- Americans surged into the island. American arms 

 and munitions found their way over also. At the appointed hour some 

 8,000 insurgents made simultaneous attacks upon isolated stations of 

 the Irish constabulary. But, as usual, the number of insurgents proved 



' Geneva Arbitration, Vol. II, p. 257. 

 2 Richardson, Messages of the Presidents, Vol. VI, p. 433. 



J The ringleaders of the disturbances in Ireland during 1867 were Halpin, Burke, and McCafferty, 

 who went from the United States {Geneva Arbitration, Vol. II, p. 258). 



* Cluseret gives a full account of this plan and his part in it in Living Age, Vol. CXIV, p. 353- 



