208 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 
to explain. It may be in part accounted for by the decline in the non- 
industrial temporary residents who were forced to return to the East on 
account of the hard times. 
The states from which native immigrants continued to come regard- 
less of the hard times were Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska. 
Great increases in native immigration from each of these states occurred, 
especially Missouri, from 21,952 in 1890 to 31,188 in 1900. From the 
fact that the stream of migration from Nebraska, Kansas and Iowa to 
Colorado has steadily increased since its beginning and has apparently 
been little if at all affected by the vicissitudes that have reduced the 
migration from other states, it appears that migration from contiguous or 
near contiguous territory is either of a more substantial character or goes 
into the industries less likely to be affected by depressions. Iowa, 
Kansas and Nebraska are agriculture states and it may be that native 
immigrants from these states are the persons who developed the agricul- 
tural resources of Colorado which show such a steady growth. It may 
also be that the great increase of native immigration from Kansas and 
Nebraska during the period following 1880 is in some degree explained 
by the fact that the children of the pioneer settlers of these states had 
then reached maturity and followed the ancestral impulse to move west. 
The nativity of the foreign born that have come to Colorado since 1860 
is shown by the table opposite. Canadians, Irish, Germans and English 
predominated, during the mining immigration of 1860. The Irish, 
English and Germans increased considerably, and in 1870 there were of 
each 1,685, 1,358 and 1,456 respectively, while the other nationalities 
remained few in number. The gold excitement just preceding 1880 
again brought up the number of the foreign born, the three nationalities 
mentioned above considerably leading the others in numbers. A begin- 
ning was made during this decade in the immigration from Italy, Russia, 
Austria and China. By 18g, there is a great increase of the foreign 
born generally, to the leading nationalities already mentioned being 
added Sweden, Italy and Austria. It appears that immigrants from 
these three countries increased rapidly from 1880 to 1890: Sweden, from 
2,172 to 9,659; Italy, from 335 to 3,882; Austria, from 453 to 2,700. 
The increase in foreign immigration during this decade is to be ex- 
