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144 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 
establishment of schools of agriculture. However, very 
little research was done until 1889, when the government ex- 
periment stations came into existence. 
The first agricultural experiment station in America 
was established at Middletown, Conn., in the chemical lab- 
oratory of Wesleyan University, 1875. By 1887 there were 
17 of these in operation in the United States and in 1889 
there were 46 stations maintained by the government em- 
ploying 370 trained men and costing about $720,000 per 
year. 
From this splendid beginning the department of Agri- 
culture has come to be a very important part of the central 
government. It has divided itself into clearly defined lines 
regulatory, research, and educational and it is in this branch 
that the research man gets splendid support from the gov- 
ernment. There are now 65 experiment stations and 69 
agricultural colleges. 
As is evidenced from our program, the scientific men 
in our Utah experiment station are contributing a very gen- 
erous share to this great work. 
As far as I know, the biologist is doing little for the 
great industries, except as it has its very important con- 
nection with Agricultural research. As physicians and 
surgeons and as researchmen at our large universities, they 
are doing a wonderful work for our nation; but they are 
not hired directly by the large corporations to do research 
work, although a great number are employed in applying 
principles which are quite well established in improving san- 
itation and health conditions. 
The farm property in the U. S. A. is now worth about 
$43,000,000,000 and is increasing daily. Many of the more 
educated class are looking toward the farm as a desirable 
place, and since this industry is at the very basis of our 
existence, it is no wonder that the great volume of the re- 
search work done by the government is in the Department 
of Agriculture. In the year 1913, the printing alone in this 
department cost $400,000. Its many agents cover prac- 
tically the whole earth and its annual expenditures are 
many millions. The Bureau of Soils, the Bureau of Plant 
