UTAH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 151 
strongest voice was the best telephone. Then the idea of 
a speaking tube which was not connected with the voice 
was introduced by a research man. The tinsmiths and 
plumbers did the rest as far as perfection was concerned. 
Then came the development of electro-magnetic induction 
and no one dreamed of its having any connection with 
speaking at a distance. Joseph Henry, in his cellar at 
Albany, who had to steal a little time from his full daily 
program of study to experiment in a field he loved, dis- 
covered electromagnetic induction. By means of the trans- 
mitter and receiver these principles finally changed the 
speaking tube into a long wire. To one not familiar with 
the principles underlying the telephone, it may appear as 
simply long drawn out speaking tubes, but the principles 
underlying the action of the two are entirely different. 
Then followed the mathematical researches of Maxwell and 
the noted experiments of Hertz, which made the wireless 
telegraph possible. I have already spoken of the photo 
electric cell which made the wireless telephone possible. 
Again to one who was simply observing the change in 
methods of long distance talking might say the tubes are 
now drawn so fine that you can’t see them, but as shown by 
this illustration, the progress is not through fine wire draw- 
ing by newly discovered fundamental laws of nature which 
were all found out by the pure research man. 
Fortunately the financiers are beginning to realize the 
importance of spending a good sum for research work con- 
nected with their business, but still this advanced sort of 
research does not get the encouragement it deserves. There 
are a few institutions which are devoted to this cause, but 
I am sure that in the near future a great more encourage- 
ment will be given from the government and from big 
business. 
When put in the industrial research laboratory, the 
University trained man has, as has been indicated, shown 
his superior ability and the board of directors has been 
forced to take notice. As a further illustration and a very 
apt one, let me quote from Dr. Whitney, head of the General 
Electric Research Laboratory. “I have seen whole factor- 
