UTAH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 91 
On a loam soil without good drainage the various 
factors show that wheat should never be irrigated with 
water containing as much as 1,000 parts per million of 
sodium carbonate and that even 500 parts per million 
will materially reduce the growth of the plants within 
three or four years. The plants receiving sodium car- 
bonate in all strengths from 500 to 4,000 parts per mil- 
lion wilted in the loam soil and produced a poor growth 
during the first year. Water containing an appreciable 
quantity of sodium carbonate should not be used on heavy 
or impervious soils. 
A mixture of the three salts sodium chloride, sodium 
carbonate, and sodium sulphate in equal quantities was 
not so harmful as the most toxic salt on loam soil but 
ranked high in this respect. Such a mixture was appar- 
ently stimulating when applied to the loam soil in a 
strength of 1,000 parts per million during the third and 
fourth years, but for the first two years it was rather 
toxic. As much as 4,000 parts per million of mixed 
salt solution was too toxic for good growth. 
Water containing 1,000 parts per million or more of 
sodium chloride proved harmful to wheat on undrained 
loam soil in two years. 
Applied to this soil water containing 4,000 parts 
per million or more sodium sulphate proved to be dang- 
erous to wheat in two or three years. When added in 
concentration of 1,000 parts per million this salt did not 
appear essentially harmful in four years. 
In the use of water, plants growing in soil containing 
sodium carbonate were very wasteful while those in 
sodium chloride were more economical. 
The size of the leaves in the loam soil decreased as 
the strength of the solution increased. The leaves were 
apparently affected both in number and length by small 
quantities of alkali in the soil. Mixed salts appeared 
more toxic than the single salts to length of leaves and 
number of heads per plant. 
The length of culture do not appear to be so closely 
related to alkali as to other factors, either in loam or sand 
soil. In general the number of spikelets per head decreas- 
ed with increasing strengths of alkali. The weaker alkali, 
