; UTAH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 129 
energy complexes known as organic mechanisms, the 
changes, going on are also commonly regarded as deter- 
mined, or mechanical. In the development of an organ- 
ism from a germ cell or even from a somatic cell the 
developing organism changes as a whole, the changes 
in each part taking place in relation to determinate 
changes going on either simultaneously or successively 
in other parts so that these changes are also determined 
or mechanical and go on in a predictable order. A still 
greater complexity is observable in the conduct of these 
organic mechanisms in interaction with the rest of mater- 
ial nature and with other organic mechanisms. Most of the 
changes going on even in the behavior of organic beings 
are also commonly and properly regarded as determined, 
mechanical, capable of accurate description, and as 
going on in orderly or predictable sequence. 
But in these higher energy complexes, especially in 
the conduct of the human organism, we become aware 
of the presence of free, undirected, or non-mechanical 
causes, as also directing material changes. For very 
commonly men are striving through faith, hopeful of the 
achievement in some new outcome of their strivings of 
more life, more satisfying ways of using their powers, 
higher values. These strivings then are tentative, spon- 
taneous, non-mechanical, and, from the standpoint of 
the individual striver at least, not determined. Free 
causes are here seen to dictate unpredictable, non- 
mechanical changes going on in material nature. 
_ . In the study of the conduct of the human organism 
we may also become aware of the genesis of mechanical 
or determined causes. For the almost invariable out- 
come of our blind strivings is a satisfactory way of acting, 
a way that needs no conscious modification and which by 
repetition becomes a habit which henceforth will go on 
mechanically when stimulated. A complexer outcome of 
this free cause or blind striving is an organised system 
of habits which goes on mechanically when stimulated. 
This may be easily seen in cases where conduct can be 
abstracted from a confusing mass of correlated material 
changes, as it can be in the case of learning to speak a 
language. In striving to pronounce a new word, say 
bourgeoisie, after a chance but satisfactory combination 
