134 TRANSACTIONS OF THE Dati 
vulgare, the common garden tomato; 
cerasitorme, the cherry tomato; 
pyritorme, the pear and plum tomato; 
validum, the upright tomato which looks like a 
potato plant; 
grandifolium, the large-leaf tomato. 
One interesting type which is accepted by botanists 
as a good species is Lycopersicum pimpinellitolium, the 
currant tomato: This has been grown principally for 
curiosity and as an ornamental plant, but has recently 
been introduced into garden cultivation under the name 
of German raisin tomato. But horticulturists are inclined 
to regard it as much more like the species esculentum 
than are some of the botanical varieties indicated above, 
which botanists will not accept as distinct species. 
And so De Varigny’s dream of an experimental gar- 
den where new species can be originated at will under the 
eye and hand oi the skilled experimenter has come true 
and has been true for a long time. But he, in common 
with other biologists, has not recognized that fact. No 
matter how utterly different a plant may be from its 
progenitors, and even tho the new production breeds 
perfectly true to its type, if it originated in a garden as 
a result of cultivation it must not be considered a new 
species but only a variety. Even the great botanist 
Asa Gray declared of a certain group of garden plants 
that they are “‘too much mixed by crossing and changed 
by variation to be subjects of botanical study.”’ 
The morphological history of the tomato is interest- 
ing. Among our cultivated tomatoes ofthe species 
esculentum, the nearest approach we probably have to the 
wild type is the cherry tomato. The fruit of this tomato 
is small, spherical, and two-celled. From it, according to 
Bailey, have probably evolved the pear-shaped or oblong 
types, the angular, the flat, the yellow, and the apple- 
shaped sorts, and finally the red smooth types which in 
turn are giving rise to several variations by breeding and 
selection. One of the very noticeable phases of this 
evolution of the tomato from the small cherry type to our 
present commercial varieties has been the increase in the 
number of cells or seed cavities, from two to about a 
dozen. Furthermore, the shape has changed from regu- 
