78 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 



This necessity seems to be a phase of universal society, and not of dubious, pro- 

 vincial, or accidental morals. 



Trinculo discovers Caliban, jests and moralizes. " When they will not give a 

 doit to reheve a lame beggar, they will lay out ten to see a dead Indian." This is 

 the philanthropic vein. 



Stephano enters drinking, and singing a " scurvy tune." Seeing CaUban he 

 declares himself a man of courage : " It hath been said, as proper a man as ever 

 went on four legs cannot make him give ground ; and it shall be said so again while 

 Stephano breathes at 's nostrils." This is comical egotism. Stephano takes active 

 measures to assist the monster to be sociable, and discovers Trinculo under the 

 gaberdine. After much excellent foolery poor Trinculo comes forth and his joy 

 upon seeing Stephano shows his kind, foolish heart. " And art thou living, Steph- 

 ano? O Stephano ! two Neapohtans 'scaped !" The need of a wine-bottle had 

 developed Stephano's ingenuity, and he had made it with his own hands out of 

 the bark of a tree. 



The last fifty lines of the scene show Stephano attaching Caliban to himself by 

 means of his bottle, his overbearing manner, and his humorous trick of playing on 

 Cahban's superstition. In spite of their superior knowledge and very considerable 

 experience of life, the two comrades appear inferior in integrity of instinct, and in 

 simple enthusiasm, to the ridiculous monster. Trinculo's speeches throughout 

 this part of the scene are all to the one effect — "an abominable monster." 



The points common to Stephano and Trinculo are clearly indicated. Both 

 are ignorant, low drunkards ; both are humorous, and take the situation hghtly; 

 both are inchned to be good companions to the monster, but to gain money by the 

 discovery of him. But the points of difference are not less definite. Stephano 

 is coarse, egotistic, aggressive ; Trinculo is effusive, weak, critical. Stephano re- 

 fers everything he observes to himself and promptly asserts himself as master of 

 the situation, " Here, bear my bottle." Trinculo is interested, theoretically at 

 least, in the relief of lame beggars, and can only complain of Cahban's abominable 

 ignorance in making a wonder of a poor drunkard : he cannot think so well of him- 

 self as Stephano. 



In the sixth scene Stephano tells a different story of his escape from the ship- 

 wreck. In the fourth scene it was Trinculo who swam ashore hke a duck; Stephano 

 escaped upon a butt of sack. But now Stephano says : 



" I swam, ere I could recover the shore, five-and-thirty leagues, off and on, 

 by this light." This gives point to Trinculo's pun " But you'll He hke dogs, and 

 yet say nothing neither." Stephano in Sc. 4 calls Trinculo " fellow Trinculo," 

 but having the support of his lieutenant Cahban he now says : "If you prove a 

 mutineer, the next tree ! " Whereafter Trinculo's place in this repubUc rapidly 

 becomes one of extreme subordination. When Stephano and CaUban have ar- 

 ranged the plot against the hfe of Prospero, Stephano says, " Dost thou like the 



