SHAKESPEARE AND PSYCHOGNOSIS 79 



plot, Trinculo?" But Trinculo, whatever his sentiment concerning lame beggars, 

 is constrained to reply: " Excellent." When Ariel's music is heard, Trinculo ex- 

 claims, " O, forgive me my sins ; " Stephano says, " He that dies pays all debts ; 

 I defy thee, — Mercy upon us ! " 



In the eighth scene Trinculo and Stephano are equally agitated by their mis- 

 adventures, and especially by the loss of their bottles. Trinculo is commanded to 

 give up a gow^n to which he has a fancy. He promptly obeys. When Trinculo 

 makes a jest, Stephano rewards him with a garment as grandly as a great monarch 

 might give a pension to a man of genius. 



The glistering garments have more value in the eyes of these court dependents 

 than in those of the savage CaHban. , 



Toward the end of the fifth act Ariel enters, driving in CaUban, Stephano, and 

 Trinculo, in their stolen apparel. Stephano's first words are : " Every man shift 

 for all the rest, and let no man take care for himself, for all is but fortune." Pros- 

 pero says to Alonso : " Two of these fellows you must know and own," these were 

 conventional productions. 



Trinculo's experiences in idleness conclude with the words, " I have been in 

 such a pickle since I saw you last that, I fear me, will never out of my bones ; I 

 shall not fear fly-blowing." Stephano, whose humor is quite equal to that of the 

 professed jester, replies to Prospero's " You'd be the King of the isle, sirrah? " " I 

 should have been a sore one then." The irresponsible Hght-hearted conduct of 

 these two fellows redeems in some degree their vileness ; but their murderous plot 

 shows them to be dangerous elements in the society of the island. 



The weak, silly buffoonery of Trinculo, stamps him as a degraded and back- 

 ward character of the unselfish class, bad through his lack of virtue and force rather 

 than through the desire to injure anyone. With virtue and enlightenment one 

 may fancy him kindly and charitable. 



Stephano is equally degraded and sensual, but has some force, given him by 

 a strong selfishness. 



Both are jolly and sociable in spite of their disgusting villainies, and both their 

 good and bad qualities seem to be intensified by their excessive love of the celestial 

 liquor. 



Adrian and the Minor Characters 



Adrian has no spoken part in the first scene. Almost all the facts recorded of 

 him are found in the third scene. Gonzalo is making conversation in his cheerful, 

 if tedious, manner when Sebastian and Antonio begin to scoff openly at his efforts. 

 It is Antonio who says, " Which of he or Adrian, for a good wager, first begins to 

 crow?" "The old cock," replies Sebastian; Antonio chooses "the cockerel." 

 Adrian's speech, interrupted by the chaff of the others, runs as follows : " Though 

 this island seems to be desert, uninhabitable, and almost inaccessible, yet it must 

 needs be of subtle, tender, and deUcate temperance. The air breathes upon us 



