FREIGHT RATES AND MANUFACTURES IN COLORADO 37 



went on through to the Missouri River or Chicago. As a general rule, 

 all fifth class goods which consisted of groceries were hauled from Cali- 

 fornia to the Missouri River points for one dollar, but to Denver, six 

 hundred miles shorter haul, the rate was $1.50. Green fruits shipped 

 from California to Denver paid a rate of two cents a pound, but if shipped 

 through to the Missouri River, New York or Chicago, th? rate was one 

 cent a pound. 1 A number of wholesale grocers confirmed this testi- 

 mony. 2 Isaac Brinker, a retired grocer, bought syrup in California 

 and shipped it to the Missouri River and then back from the River to 

 Denver in order to get the advantage of the lower freight rate. 3 Mr. 

 Wolfe Londoner, one of the wholesalers of Denver, stated that the rail- 

 road pool was a great injury to the business interests of the city. The 

 rates were so arranged as to favor shipping in manufactured goods. 

 He had lost his trade at Trinidad, Colorado Springs and Grand Junction, 

 on account of the discrimination against Denver as a distributing point. 

 The freight rate from Chicago to Salt Lake injured the trade of the Den- 

 ver wholesalers and destroyed the trade with Grand Junction. It was 

 hard for the wholesalers to live at that time as the rates were so unfavor- 

 able. Merchants in Georgetown and other points in the interior of the 

 state could get the same rate as the Denver wholesaler and as a conse- 

 quence, they ceased buying from the Denver house and bought directly 

 from the firms in the East or elsewhere. 4 It was impossible to ship 

 groceries to Utah from Colorado. California competed with the East. 

 Canned goods, coffee, rice, dried fruit, liquors, cigars, machinery and nails 

 were hauled from California to Utah because these all came to Cali- 

 fornia by water and at a very low rates. They had been shipped from 

 California to points in Utah at as low as thirty-five cents a hundred 

 weight. This is why the freight rate on nails from Pittsburgh to Cali- 

 fornia was sixty-five cents a hundred. 5 



In explaining why fifth class freight was carried from California 

 to Chicago and Omaha more cheaply than to Denver, Mr. Shelby, 

 general freight agent of the Union Pacific, said that there was water 



1 Ibid., p. 243. Mr. Shelby, general freight agent of the Union Pacific, said this was not true in 1885. 



2 Ibid., pp. 133, 97. * Ibid., pp. 139, 140. 

 * Ibid., p. in. s Ibid., p. 199. 



