LIFE-ZONES IX THE BRITISH CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. 221 



In Harden Clough at the 900-foot contour line shales with reed-like 

 plant-remains are found, frequently with coaly covering. About 30 yards 

 above Harden Clough Farm may be seen a gritty shale with abundant 

 GlypMoceras hilingue. About 25 yards below Harden Clough Farm 

 there occurs a thin cemented shale with abundant Posidoniella Icevis. 

 At the junction of this stream and River Noe a thin black limestone (1 inch) 

 is found ; this gives a vertical thickness of about 150 feet. 



The position of (6) section relative to the Massif may be calculated. 

 It is taken in a stream 80 yards east of and parallel to the limestone and 

 chert (juarry in Bradvvell Dale. The limestone and chert beds dip E. 

 about 10°, and the shales are found dipping at the same rate and in the 

 same direction, showing at this place perfect conformability between the 

 two formations. These shales should then be about 30 feet above the 

 chert beds, assuming the top beds of the quarry are the upper cherts. 



At the "VVortley Mine, JBradwell, these lowest beds of the Pendleside 

 series were sunk through by a shaft, and ' the limestones and cherts were 

 reached 40 fathoms (= 240 feet) from the surface.' The shales and thin 

 limestones on the spoil heap yield Posidoniella loivis, ^ Glyphioceras 

 hilingue, Discina nitida, Athyris ambiffua, Ehynchonella trilatera. 



Fossil Zones.— Posidoniella Icevis is found practically throughout the 



series. 



Pterinopecten jfa^yyraceus is very much more common in the upper 

 shales, and may be considered the commonest fossil in them. 



Posidonomya Becheri is a valuable fossil for zoning purposes. It is 

 confined to about 12 feet near the base of (3) section, and is really 

 abundant in a single layer less than 1 inch thick. Associated with it is 

 P. membranacea, which is confined to the same beds and is abundant in 

 layers in shales about 12 feet above and 3 feet below the rich P. Becheri 



zone. 



Glyp)hiocems hilingue characterises the lowest members of the series 

 as seen at Bradwell, Barber Booth, and on River Noe, below Booth. 



Glyj)hioceras reticidatum has only been found here in the beds asso- 

 ciated with Posidonomya Becheri. 



G. spirale and G. diadema have been found in the upper middle beds 

 of the series at Mam Tor and Peak's Hole Water. 



Actinopteria jyersrdcata and Pteronites anyushihis have been found 

 abundant in certain shales, in each case overlying plant-beds. They both 

 belong to lower middle beds, and have only been seen at one horizon each. 



The association of fossiliferous limestone shales and bullion-beds calls 

 for remark, as it is very commonly found that such shales immediately 

 overlie bullion-beds. 



The survival of Phillipsia into the Pendleside age is worthy of note. 

 It is fairly common in the sub-crystalline, thinly bedded limestones shown 

 in section (5). 



In conclusion doubtful points may be referred to. The conformability 

 of the Pendleside series to the Massif, as seen at Bradwell, has been 

 mentioned above. Negative evidence in support of the same view is 

 afforded by the fact that nowhere in this area does the Massif form an 

 inlier with different horizons normally in contact. 



It is impossible to estimate the thickness of the series, as all the 

 measures are not exposed. To sum up what may be seen — 



