376 REPORT— 1902. 



take on modifying suffixes suggestive at first sight of case endings ; but this is not 

 really so ; these terminations are merely possessive pronominal suffixes. We find the 

 same thing in the Oceanic tongues. 



PRONOUNS. 



Pehsokaij Peonoun. 



Of these there are in Tcil'Qg'uk three classes : the independent, the inflectional or 

 copulative, and the incorporative. The independent personal pronouns are : — 



I, me, tB e'lsa. we, us, tE tle'mEfcl. 



thou, thee, tK liia. ' ye, you, tE tlewo'p. 



Strictly speaking, the corresponding forms employed for the third person are not 

 pronouns, but demonstratives ; but I add them here : — 



he (near the speaker), tE lii'. they (visible to speaker), yE sa'. 



he (distant from speaker), tE sii' or ^il. 



he (invisible to speaker), kw'tsii'. they (invisible to speaker), kw'sa a'tltEl. 



she (near speaker), sE lii'. 



she (distant from speaker), sE tsii'. 



she (invisible to speaker), kw' sa'. 



Besides tliese common, regrular forms we find the following compounds for the 

 third persons : To'-tla or tau'-fla, he, him ; su'-tla or sau'-tla or qu'-tla, she, her ; 

 tu-ila'-lEm, sD-tla'-lEm, and tla'-lEvt, they, them. The usage of these as distinguished 

 from the others is very difficult to understand. In some instances they seem to be 

 used in special constructions, in others as simple synonyms for the commoner forms. 

 I spent several hours with David in trying to understand what special usage they 

 had, but was no wiser at the end. None of the rules he sought to lay down for my 

 guidance would stand examination. He clearly did not understand the matter 

 himself, nor did his examples of their usage help me to do so.' 



The function and scope of the independent personal pronouns seem to be somewhat 

 broader in Tcil'Qo'uk than in the dialects previously examined. They appear at 

 times to take the place of the inflectional forms and become the subjects of verbs ; 

 just as if in Latin ego, tv, &c., were used instead of the terming,! inflective forms. I 

 found numerous instances of the kind, but believe it to be the result of the influence 

 which English is exercising upon the native idiom. 



Inflectional or Copulative Pronouns. 



It will be remembered that in N'tlaka'pamuQ we found distinct forms for tranr 

 sitive and intransitive verbs. In the Halkomo'lEm tongue, as in 8k"qo'mic, one form 

 only is employed. This in Tcil'Qc'uk is as follows ; — 



I, -toil or -tsil. we, -tcit. 



thou, -tciiq. you, -tcap. 



he, -3 or -Es. they, -s or -Es. 



Absence of the third persons is marked by the particle le {nc of the other 

 divisions.) All these forms are modified in the oblique moods. Strictly speaking, 

 the forms given here to the third person are not pronouns, but rather substantive 

 verbs. See under Kwa'nllEn. 



Incorporative Pronouns. 



The method of synthesis here employed resembles that of the N'tlaka'pamuQ 

 more than that of the Sk-qo'mic, with which the Tcil'Qe'uk has most points in 



' Since the above was written I have studied the corresponding forms in the 

 Kwa'ntlEn dialect, from which it would appear that the function of these forms 

 resembles that of Ule, &c., in the Latin. See the Kwa'ntlEn text. 



