ON THE ETHNOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 377 



common. The object pronoun comes between the verb and the subject pronoun, 

 thus : — 



I will help thee, ma,it-tsd'ma-tci\'tca. 



I will help you, mHit-to'la-tcil-tca. 



Thou wilt help me, mait-^sai'-tcuq-tca. 



Thou wilt help us, mait-;«o'Z-tcuq-tca. 



We will help thee, mait-^AZ'//t«-tcit-tca. 



We will help you, iwdit-tola-tcit-tca.. 



He will help me, ma,it-tsai'k-lEs-tcSi tEsii'. 



He will help us, mait-!!o7«^--Es-tca tEsii'. 



He will help thee, mint-tsa' ma-tca tBsil'. 



He will help you, mdit-to'laiii-tca. tEsii'. 



He will help him, mait-Es-tca tEsii'. 



He will help them, miiit-Es-tca yEsii'. 



They will help me, mait-tsai' k-ns-tca yEsil'. 



They will help us, mait-to'laJc-Es-tca. yEsii'. 



They will help thee, ma.it-tsd'7)ia-tca yEsii'. 



They will help you, mait-^o'Za/«-tca yEsil'. 



They will help him, mait-Es-tca yEsii' tEsa'. 



Incorporative forms, just as personal forms, are wanting to the third person, 



Possessive Pronouns. 



Of these pronouns there are several forms. The simplest is as follows :-^ 



my, '1. o^^'f sEa'tl. 



thy', E. your, -Elpp, 



his, her, -s. their, -s, 



They are employed thus :— • 



7 skwomai', my dog. SJ-a'tl skwomai', our dog. 



B skwomai', thy dog. skwomai'-EZ^/;, your dog, 



skwomai-4, his or her dog, skwomai-*, their dog. 



In some of the Halkome'lEm dialects 7 of the first person singular becomes tl, 

 This I is the n of the other divisions, the most constant and widespread of all the 

 pronominal elements in Salish. 



A second, fuller, and more elegant form is obtained by adding the article, thus :-- 



tEl, my (masc), sEl, my (fem.) ; tE...tcit, our (masc.) ; sE....tcit (fern.), our. 

 tE E (masc), SE E (fem.), thy ; tE...ElEp (masc), 8E...ElBp (fem.), your. 

 tE...s (masc), SE...S (fem.), his or her; tE...s (masc), sB...s (fem.), their, 



A comparison of these two forms makes it quite clear that the so-called gender of 

 the pronoun is derived from the article, there being no distinction of gender when 

 the article is absent. 



A third and emphatic form Is:— 



'1-swii, my. swii-tcit, our. 



E-swa, thy. swii-ElEp or E-swJiElEp, your. 



swiis (tEsa'), his. swiis (sEsii'), her ; swiis (yEsii'), their. 



This form is also compounded with the article, thus : — 



Singular. Plural. 



tEl-swii (masc), sEl-swii (fem.), my. tE-swil-tcit (masc), sE-sw:i-tcit (fem.), our. 



tE-E-swii (masc), sE-E-swil (fem.), thy. tE swiiElEp (masc), sE-swilElEp (fem.), your. 



tE-swiis (masc.) his, sE-swiis (fem.), her. tE-swils (masc), sE-swas (fem.), their. 



A still more emphatic form for the first person singular is obtained by repeating 

 the I after swd. Thus, tiil-s/vd-l, ' my own.' These emphatic forms are used when 

 a comparison of the object possessed by the speaker is made with some other object 

 possessed by somebody else. Thus, if we are discussing the merits of our respective 

 fathers, and I want to state that my father is superior to anybody else's, I use the 

 expression e sm'nha tp-l snii-l msl, ' my father is a good man ' ; or, better, ' a good 



