418 REPORT— 1902. 



A more literal translation of this would be : It is I myself, kc, &c. 

 The inflectional or copulative forms are as follows : — 



-tsEn, I. -tst, we. 



-tciiQ, thou. -tcflp, j'ou. 



The third person has no inflectional pronoun ; but wlien the subject of the verb 

 is the third person the particle ks is suflBxed to the stem. This es is, I believe, a 

 substantive verb. It appears only in transitive verbs, and its presence converts the 

 verb into a noun, giving it the character partly of an infinitive and partly of a 

 gerund. This is clear from the fact that it appears in both numbers alike ; and if 

 we want to distinguish between the singular and the plural, the masculine and the 

 feminine, we must add the demonstrative forms used for the third person to it. 



The forms for the first and second persons, as may be seen in the paradigm of 

 the verb below, undergo modification in the conditional, optative, and other moods. 



In the present and the simple future tenses of the verb the pronouns are 

 regularly suffixed to the verb stem in Kwa'ntlEn; but when the verb takes on 

 auxiliary verbs and modifying particles, the pronoun is generally attached to one or 

 other of these. In certain expressions, particularly those of an obligatory character, 

 this rule is broken and the pronoun is attached to tlie verb stem {see under 

 ' Verbs '). 



It will be noticed that the first person plural differs in form from that found in 

 Tcil'Qe'uk, which corresponds to the Sk-qo'mic. 



The locative adverbial particle nl is regularly used with the third person when 

 he or she is absent, or when the action was done in the pa.'^t. Thus : nl kai'EtEs 

 kw'sEn skwomai', he killed my dog ; m ts' stElEkai'u, he has some horses. 



INCORPORATIVE OB SYNTHETIC PROKOUNS. 



These are best seen in their syntheses. Thus : — 



tsa'wEt-«d!?««.'-tsEn-tsa, I will help thee. tsa'wEt-Wia-tsEn-tsa, I will help you. 



tsa wEt-tsEn-tsa, I will help him. tsa'wEt-tsEn-tsa, I will help them, 



tsa w-i(;-tcuQ-tsa, thou wilt help me. tsa'wEt-iaVoQ-tcuQ-tsa, thou wilt help us. 



tsa'wEt-tcfiQ-tsa, thou wilt help him. tsa'wEt-tciiQ-tsa, thou wilt help them. 



tsa'w-?f-tciip-tsa, you will help me. tsfi/wEt-ra'/oQ-tcap-tsa, you will help us. 



tsa'wEt-tciip-tsa, you will help him. tsfi'wEt-tcilp-tsa, you will help them. 



tsa.'w-Es-«<iwt/>.<(-Es-tsa, he will help me. tsa'wEt-iaVtiQ-Es-tsa, he will help us. 



tsa'w-Es sdm-tssL, he will help thee. tsa.'v/Et-td'lBm-tsa, he will help you. 



tsa'w-if-Es-tsa, they will help me. tsfi'wBt-f«7yQ-Es-tsa, they will help us. 



ts&'vr-Es-sd'mpts-tsa,, they will help thee. tsii'v/Et-td'ljim-tsa,, they will help you. 



tsa' wa-i«a»t(J'-tst- tail, we will help thee. tsa'wa-^a'^-tst-tsa, we will help you. 



tsa'wEt-tst-tsa, we will help him. tsa'wEt-tst-tsa, we will help them, 

 tsa'wa i';.7-tst-tsa, wc will help one another. 



The stem of this verb 'to help ' is tm'/ra. The termination -Ef is the sign of the 

 active verb. It is very interesting to observe how this suffix is sometimes dropped 

 in the singular forms, but rarely in the plural. As in the other Salish dialects 

 examined, there are no specialised forms for the third person. 



It will be seen from the following examples that there are secondary forms 

 for the synthetic pronouns in Kwa'ntlEn. I did not observe this feature in the 

 Tcil'Qe'uk. 



kwEts-««Za-tsEn, I .see you ; kwEts-wa'M(7-tsEn, I .see thee. 



kwEts-nuq-tsEn, I see him, her, it, them. 



ne-tsEn-kwEls-nuq, I saw him, her, it, them. 



kwKts-7((/'wtf-tsEn-t.>.a, I shall see thee; kwEts-wa'^a-tsBn-tsa, I shall see you. 



(ni-) kv/Kts-iiiaiiin, he saw me ; (ni-) kwEts-na'lOHis, he saw us. 



(ni-) kwEts-««fft, he saw thee ; (nl-) kwEts-na'lEm, he saw you. 



I think this difference in form is due to the nature of the verb, the former being 

 used with active, the latter with neuter verbs. These latter forms bear a resem- 

 blance to forms seen in the passive voice of the verb. The nuq of the third person 

 is the determinative particle treated of elsewhere. The 'him,' &c., here referred to 

 is a particular, determined ' him ' ; hence the use of nv/i. 



