ON THE ETHNOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 421 



Demonstrative Pronouns. 



tE (masc), SE (fern.), t'sa' or tEsa' (common), he she. 

 yesii' (masc), yecf'a' (fern.), t'sa-ll (common), they. 

 tE-i (masc), ti, tE-na' (masc), sE-na' (fern.), this, these. 

 tE-ni' (masc), sE-nl' (fern.), that those. 



Indefinite Peonouns. 



wet-al, anyone ; au'ita-wet, no one. 

 yEsa', someone ; used as the on in French. 



Eeflexive Pronoun. 

 namit, self. 



Demonstratives. 



These do not differ from the Tcil'Qe'uk forms already given, except in the sub- 

 stitution of n for I. Tlie Kwa'ntlsn, however, appear to express the distinction 

 between the attributive and the predicative adjective in conjunction with a demon- 

 strative differently. Thus they say e t% IcI'Ikvi, this house is good; but e tE Id'lsm, 

 this is a good house. In Tcil'Qe'uk the distinction is effected by a difference in the 

 order of tlie words ; in Kwa'ntlEu by the use of different demonstratives. 



ARTICLES. 



These are identical with those in TcilQe'ak, and their functions appear to be 

 the same. 



ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS. 



My remarks on these in the Tcil'Qe'uk apply equally here. The syntax of these is 

 apparently the same in all the Halkome'lEm dialects. It may be added, however, 

 that a study of the native texts reveals the fact that certain temporal adverbs 

 'govern' the subjunctive mood. Thus I may say sqBliHs, 'he stands'; but 'he 

 stands awhile ' must be expressed thus : tu-hVs k's-qelius. Again, avw's, ' he came,' 

 but wlaQ-E-tl k's-Ume'^. ' often he used to come.' Numerous other examples will be 

 found in the native text. 



The comparison of adjectives in the Kwa'ntlEn seems to be more regular than in 

 Tcil'Qe'uk. There appears to be an equivalent to our comparative sign -er. Thus : 



Positive. Covqjarative. Sujierlatlve. 



e, good. tu or to-e, better. yfllau'wel-e, best. 



k-El, bad. tu or tO-k-El, worse. yElau'\vel-k-El, worst. 



This tu or to which marks the comparative degree is probably the particle to 

 which is seen in the pronominal forms of the third person and in certain other pro- 

 nominal and demonstrative expressions. It is interesting to remark that the same 

 particle appears compounded with wa in the comparative in N'tlaka'pamuQ. 



PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, AND CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS. 



The forms and functions of these will best be gathered by a study of the native 

 text given below. 



VERBS. 



The inflection of the verb in Kwa'ntlEn is effected, as in the other dialects 

 examined, by means of particles and auxiliary verbs. The principal of these are : — 

 e, e-tl, l-tl, or e-tl, ne, tl, rvE-tl, wa, nc-tl, tea,, or tKa, The functions of these are best 

 grasped by an examination of the paradigms and the native text. 



