

REPORT — 1902. 



VERBA SUBSTANTIVA. 



Of these (", l-tl, ivil, and ks are the most important. The first does not appear to be 

 used apart from other verbs. It seems to have the sense of our am, kc. The last three 

 are used both independently and as auxiliaries to other verbs, i-tl or e-tl appears to 

 be the preterite of c, it being found only in past tenses, thus: tlEm5Q j-<^ tsilakatlitl, 

 ' it rained yesterday.' W(7 is used differently in some of the Halkomc'1-Em dialects 

 from what it is in Skqo'micand N'tlaka'pamuQ. In the Kwa'ntlEn it appears chiefly 

 in cocdirional clauses. It seems to be the chief sign of the subjunctive forms 

 (^nee the verbs). It is seen also in verbal syntheses ioa plying obligation on the part 

 of the agent, thus : nvz-kwakwot-tsEn, ' I must strike,' &c. It is found likewise in 

 sentences that begin with a temporal adverb, thus : wia'tl kwEns 7Ci7 k'il'kiii, ' I am 

 often sick.' In some instances it is used interchangeably with O-tl or i-tl, thus : 

 talmO'Hse-tcuQ 7vd (or ctl) kTikau'oQ, ' When you are sick you should take medicine.' 

 Again, it and some of the others are seen to enter largely into the construction of 

 conjunctions or connectives. In the continuous native text below it will be seen 

 that <;' ■tliis-wd, Ua's-ivn, and d'-tlds-Es-wii are regularly employed to coimect the 

 sentences. It is very difficult to translate these expressions into English ; and no 

 two dialects seem to use the same forms, f.v appears regularly in the third persons 

 as an auxiliary to transitive verbs. Its presence converts the verb into a verbal 

 noun. It appears also with the pronouns of all the persons in certain constructions. 

 Thus it may be .seen in the form knrEn-Eis in the sentence, Huta kwE-n-i-A' k-Bl, ' He 

 said I was a bad man.' Again in Huta kw"-j;« nEms. ' He said he was going.' 



INTRANSITIVE VERUS. 

 sick, h'iikai. 



Pkesent Tense. 



These are formed in Kwa'ntlEn by the simple juxtaposition of the verb stem, 

 noun or adjective, and the inflectional pronouns, thus: — 



Sing. 



k'a'kiii-tsEn, I am sick. 

 kfi'kiii-tcuQ, thou art sick, 

 k-a'kiii (t'sii, to'tla), he is sick, 

 'kill (5a, so'tla), she is sick. 



Ik-a' 

 [k-a- 



/"ka'kiii-tst, we are sick, 

 ka'kiii-tsap, you are sick. 

 Plur-T k'iVkiii (a'tltEn), they are sick. 



ka'kili (to-tla'-lEm (masc.) 1 they are 

 tla'-lEm (feni.) J" sick. 



The locative particle lu is prefixed to the third person, singular and plural, to 

 mark absence. Of the two forms in the third person plural, the former is in 

 Kwa'ntlEn employed in a particular sen.se to indicate the members of the speaker's 

 own family, the latter in a general sense. 



Present Perfect and Responsive Tense. 



Sbifjular. 

 e-tsEn-ki"i'kiii, I am sick. 

 e-tcuQ-k'a'kiii, thou art sick, 

 e-k'a'kiii, he or she is sick. 



Plural. 

 e-tst-k'a'kiii, we are sick, 

 c-tcap-k-a'kiii, you are sick. 

 C'-ka'kiii, they are sick. 



If it is desirable to distinguish between masculine and feminine, singular or 

 plural, in the third person, the demonstrative forms given above in the present tense 

 are added ; but generally the subject, when in the third person, requires no personal 

 elements, the sex and number being understood. The forms of this tense are 

 employed only in response to direct questions. A plain statement of fact is ex- 

 pressed, by the forms of the present tense. It was the same in the Sk*qo'mic. I 

 have rendered the auxiliary c- here by ' am.' The natives who understand English 

 do the same ; but it is not the equivalent of our substantive verb. Besides con- 

 veying a statement of present condition or action, it carries with it also a sense of 

 past action or condition. A more exact translation of the term would be : ' I am 

 being sick,' &c. &c. When d is prefixed to a transitive verb the tense is then really 

 an imviediate past, and is best translated by ' I have just,' &c., or by the sub- 

 stantive verb with the active participle (see under ' Transitive ^'erbs,' below). 



