614 REPORT — 1902. 



The above remarks apply only to the mountainous districts which occupy the 

 south central part of Ceylon. A low coastal plain fringes the island, partly of 

 alluvial and partly of raised beach origin ; sea clifis are absent or very unusual, 

 and even any coast exposures of rock are not common. In the north a greater 

 area is flat and low, and the scenery resembles that of Southern India. Isolated 

 hills of gneiss (DambuUa, Sigiri, «fec.) rise conspicuously from the plain. 



6. On some New Fossils from Penmorfa, and their Bearing on the Cambro- 

 Ordovician Succession near Tremadoc. By W. G, Fearnsides, B.A., 

 F.G.S. 



The beds between the mid-Lingula Flags of the hill west of Penmorfa Church 

 and the fossiliferous beds of Penmorfa village show a continuous succession. 



The black upper Lingula Flags include near their base a 4-inch band of 

 limestone made up of Orthis lenticularis, and about 100 feet higher a band full of 

 Parabolina spinulosa, Sphmrophthalmns alatus, Ctenopyge pecten, and especially 

 Agnostus rex. Another band some SO feet higher is the one which yielded to 

 Ramsay and later workers their best specimens of ' Lower Tremadoc ' Trilobites, 

 especially Niohe homfrayi and Pseilocephalus innotatus: these are associated 

 with Theca, Hymenocaris, and small Trilobites, probably new. 



About 50 feet higher comes the Dictyonema zone, crowded with Dictyonema 

 itself : it is underlain by a hard ' indicator ' bed of flags with small Acrotreta. 

 I have followed the Dictyonema zone from Penmorfa round the west and 

 south of Moel-y-Gest as far as Borthwood, and find that at Wern and Llanerch, 

 as at Tyn-llan, it overlies the beds from which Eamsay obtained his ' Lower 

 Tremadoc ' fossils. Then follow some 300-400 feet of as yet unfossiliferous shales 

 and flags, which pass continuously up to the thin band of calcareous and micaceous 

 flags exposed in Iront of the Post Ofiice at Penmorfa. These beds have yielded 

 me a rich fauna which is closely related to that of the Sheinton beds of Shropshire, 

 but is even more like that of the shallow-water development of Ceratopyge shales 

 described by Moberg from the island of Oeland : — 



Shumardia of. oelandica Olenvs triarthrus 



SymphysuTUS croftii Olenus salteri 



EiiloTtia mmiile Macrocystella maria 



(All Sheinton species.) 



Ceratopyge forficula Cheirurus ctfoveolatus 



Belleroplwn cf. norvegica. 



Species abundant in Sweden, but hitherto unknown in Britain. 



With these are several new forms, and excellent specimens of all the well- 

 known Tremadoc species : 



Bicellocephalus furca, Conocoryphe verisimilis, Ogygla Sebvynii (forms usually 

 referred to as ' Lower Tremadoc ') ; Angelina sedgivicMi, var. ; Cheirurus fredrici, 

 Ampyx ? pra-mmtius, and very many Asapliellus homfrayi (forms usually termed 

 ' Upper Tremadoc '). 



These beds are overlain by similar but less fossiliferous shales which yield, 

 along with Asaphellus, the normal form of Angelina sedgzoichii. Above this the 

 beds are disturbed and often converted into an Augen-shale, which in places 

 contains masses of the -well-known pisolitic iron ore of Tremadoc. 



At a spot on the 500-foot contour 300 yards N., 5° W., of the farm Tyddyn- 

 dicwm-uchaf, I have obtained graptolites in situ. These Miss Elles has kindly 

 determined for me as follows : — 



Bidymograptvs svperstes Bicranograptvs ramosns 



Ccenograptns gracilis Dicranograptus zigzag, var. minimus 



Bicellograptus sextans Olossograptus hincksii 



Bicellograptus intortus Biplograptns whitfieldi 



Bicellograptus cadvceus Clit>tacograptus scharenbergi 



Biplograptus angustifolius ? 



