ADDRESS. 17 



Germin Universities of different grades, taking the InComes of seven out 

 of the twenty-two Universities as examples, are : — 



£ 

 First Class . . . Berlin .... 130,000 



Second Clas.. . . [I'^Zn^^^^ ] • • ^^.OOO 

 ThirdClass. . . { ^2£^ } . . 48.000 



Fourth Class. . . [^£^^1''} . . 37,000 



Thus, if Leeds, which is to have a University, is content v/ith the 

 fourth class German standard, a rate must be levied of Id. in the pound 

 for yearly expenses, independent of all buildings. But the facts are that 

 our towns are already at the breaking strain. During the last fifty 

 years, in spite of enormous increases in rateable values, the rates have 

 gone up from about 2a-. to about 7s. in the pound for real local purposes. 

 But no University can be a merely local institution. 



IIoio to got more Universities, 



What, then, is to be done ? Fortunately, we liave a j^recedent 

 admirably in point, the consideration of which may help us to answer 

 this question. 



1 have pointed out that in old days our Navy Avas chiefly provided 

 by local and private effort. Fortunately for us those days have passed 

 away ; but some twenty years ago, in spite of a large expenditure, it 

 began to be felt by those who knew, that in consequence of the increase 

 of foreign navies our sea power was threatened, as now, in consequence 

 of the increase of foreign Universities, our brain-power is threatened. 



The nation slowly woke up to find that its enormous commerce was 

 no longer insured at sea, that in relation to foreign navies our own had 

 been suffered to dwindle to such an extent that it was no longer capable 

 of doing the duty which the nation expected of it even in times of peace. 

 At first this revelation was received with a shrug of incredulity, and 

 the peace-at-any- price party denied that anything was needed ; but a ^reat 

 teacher arose ; ^ as the facts were inquired into, the suspicion changed 

 into an alarm ; men of all parties saw that something must be done. 

 Later the nation was thoroughly aroused, and with an universal agree- 

 ment the principle was laid down that, cost what it micrht to enforce 

 our sea-power, our Navy must be made and maintained of a strength 

 greater than those of any two possibly contending Powers. After esta- 

 blishing this principle, the next thing to do was to give effect to it. 

 What did the nation do after full discussion and inquiry ? A Bill was 

 brought in in 1888, and a sum of 21,500,000/. was voted in order, 

 during the next five years, to inaugurate a large ship-building programme, 



' Captain Mahan, of the U.S. Navy, ■whose book, ' On the Influence of Sea-power 

 on History,' has suggested the title of my address. 



1903. C 



