OBSERVATIONS ON CHANGES IN SEA COAST OF UNITED KINGDOM. 265 



The Kessingland and Dunwich coasts are unprotected, and no beach 

 is removed with the exception mentioned below. At Coney Hill, near 

 Misner Haven, one groyne has been placed ; here also nothing is taken 

 away fur industrial or other purposes. Southwards groynes have not been 

 erected ; but Orford Haven is partly groyned, as is the coast from Bawd- 

 sey to Woodbridge Haven. The effect is to collect the shingle, of which 

 none is taken away. 



At Felixstowe (to the entrance to Harwich Harbour) a sea wall was 

 in course of erection in August 1899, a few yai'ds above H.W.M.O.S.T., 

 between Landguard Lodge and Beach Station Road. Between Towers 

 Q and II (and also extending round Felixstowe Point) groynes have 

 been constructed ; but these were partly washed away during heavy 

 weather. The effect of the wind on the beach has been already noticed. 



Two reports have been received relative to the erection of new coast 

 defences. At Cromer these refer to the extension of the pier and the 

 promenades ; at Bacton to the building of a sea-wall of concrete between 

 Walcott and Ostend Gaps (report received in June 1899). Especial men- 

 tion should be made of the large quantity of shingle removed (February 

 1900) from above high-water mark along the coast 50 yards north of 

 Dunwich. This has been done by order of the Blything Rural District 

 Council. 



Essex. 



Concerning the coast from Harwich to the Roach River, observations 

 from thirteen stations provide evidence of little change, since ten 

 record no alteration — a result no doubt of the artificial protections. 



A gain is reported from Walton-on-the-Naze following the lengthening 

 of the pier, and a loss from near Harwich Harbour, where the sea-wall is 

 broken in, with local slips at Clacton at unguarded spots. Every station 

 is protected, usually with sea walls ; while Harwich, Walton, Clacton, 

 and the eastern side of Mersea Island are provided with groynes. 

 Shingle is remoAed in small quantities fi'om Harwich, Clacton, Colne 

 Point, and from the southern side of the Blackwater River. 



Kent and East Sussex, 



The next reports are sent from the mouth of the Medway, and we' 

 may consider the Kentish together with the Sussex coast as far west as 

 Goring, near Worthing. (Sheet 20 and 24 of the 4 miles=l inch map.) 



We have to deal with seventy-three observations, amongst which six 

 gains of land arp recorded. 



Taking these first, a gain of 60 feet in seven or eight years is reported 

 from Walmer, and from Kingston in the same neighbourhood (south of 

 Deal). The beach also accumulates between Littlestone and Greatstone, 

 and southwards almost to the point of Dungeness ; indeed Littlestone 

 Point is said to have lengthened out 100 to 150 yards in the last three 

 years (up to 1899). This report, dated from Romney C.G.S., records 

 that ' the whole of the Hoy has been, and the mouth of the Hoy is now, 

 thickly faggoted in square patches representing small square fields, 

 which by accumulating mud and sand are gradually filling up the Hoy 

 to nearly tide level/ 



Gains occur at Rye Harbour, Newhaven Harbour (insignificant), and 

 at New Shoreham. The first place is protected by groynes and a sea-wall. 



