ON WOMEH'S LABOUR. 847 



There has been no displacement of women. Before the time of legal 

 regulation, the hours were very irregular and sometimes very long. This 

 is shown in the Children's Employment Commission 1845. The week's 

 work was .sometimes not begun till Wednesday or Thursday. This 

 irregularity is still .shown in the absence of the clockwork regularity which 

 is found in factory towns. In a few cases the prohibition of overtime is 

 found troublesome, but the weight of the evidence went to prove that the 

 I'estrictions as to hours had done good all the way round, making the 

 work far more regular and more evenly distributed. Though the regulari- 

 sation of hours has diminished intemperance, there is not much evidence 

 of the improvement in domestic life that might have been expected. 



Paper-makiny and South London Industries. (By Miss B. L. Hutohins.) 



The important relevant facts given in these reports has been included 

 in the text of Sections I.-VII. above. 



Liverpool. 



As Miss Harrison's report is issued as a separate pamphlet,^ in accord- 

 ance with the regulation of the Jevons scholarship, its essential points 

 have been included in the earlier part of this report, and the details need 

 not be given here. 



Frintiny and Bookhindiny. 



In this case also a full report is expected to be published very soon ; 

 the notes on which it is based have been lent to the Committee and have 

 had their full share in Sections I.-VII. above. 



Glasgow and South Scotland. 

 (JNotes from Miss Iewin's reports, held over from last year.} 



As regards the textile industries of the South of Scotland, employers 

 did not consider that the Acts had handicapped them, but thought that 

 their restriction was beneficial. 



The hours for laundries in Glasgow were, before the 1895 Act, very 

 long and exhausting, and employers and operatives expressed a desire for 

 legislation. The working of the Act has been hindered greatly by the 

 elasticity allowed in the time-table. Long hours are still (1901) worked 

 in small domestic laundi'ies exempt from control. 



Tailoring trade of Glasgow. — The enforcement of the Acts has effected 

 a much needed reform by regulating the hours worked in factories. The 

 effect on out-work has been dealt with above in Sections I. and III. No 

 change of wages has been traced to the Acts, except that one employer 

 raised wages to compensate for the cessation of out-work, and no dis- 

 placement of women has been found ; on the contrary, the numbers 

 employed have greatly increased in recent years. It is generally stated 

 that women's health and economic and social efficiency have been much 

 improved by the legal regulation of their hours of labour. 



' Women's Industries in Liverpool: an Inquiry into the Economic Effects of I egiS' 

 lation regulating the Labour of Women. Liverpool University Press. 



