ANTHROPOMETRIC INVESTIGATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 399 



comparative physical efficiency of the Egyptian army. The measurements 

 have not yet been published. 



He, as a result of his experience, recomniends that anthropometric 

 workers should be specially trained, and should be supplied with models 

 and figures whose dimensions have been standardised by approved in- 

 vestigators. Frequent recourse should be had to these models to prevent 

 unconscious deviation from recognised methods of measurements. 



Meyhick, E. (Marlborough College), writes that measurements have 

 been taken at Marlborough College since 1874, chiefly with the object of 

 registering growth. The measurements taken are height, weight, chest 

 expanded, chest emptied. The measurements are taken by college masters 

 of scientific and mathematical training. He considers that chest measure- 

 ments, and other measurements dependent on the intelligence or will of 

 the subject, are unreliable, and circumference measurements of the head 

 vary with tlie quantity of the hair. The only measurements he finds 

 reliable arc height and weight. 



Marshall, J., M.A., LL.D. (Rector, Royal High School, Edinburgh), 

 writ»3S that measurements have been takcii since 1899 for the registration 

 of growth, the results being communicated to the parents. The measure- 

 ments taken are height, weight, chest, forearm, upper arm, and they are 

 made by the senior gymnastic instructor. These measurements have 

 been found valuable as a guide at times when boys show languor in 

 work. 



Reid, R. W., M.D. (Professor of Anatomy, University of Aberdeen), 

 has measured students, policemen, and asylum attendants (male and 

 female). The instruments used are Flower's and Gray's callipers for 

 head measurements, and the usual instruments for height and span. 

 Measurements were first taken in 1896, and measurements for seven 

 years are available ; they have been partly published in abstract. The 

 objects of the investigation are registration of growth and corre- 

 lation with occupations. Trained assistants have been employed. He 

 regards his results so far as satisfactory, and considers that any 

 modification ought to aim at greater simplicity of schedule. Copies of 

 schedules have been sent. Over thirty measurements arc made on each 

 subject. 



Simpson, H. F. M., M.A. (Rector, Aberdeen Grammar School), com- 

 menced measurements in March 1903. A copy of the very complete 

 schedule used has been sent. The main object of these measurements is 

 educational, and to indicate the probable efl'ect of physical deficiencies on 

 the boy's progress. The results so far appear to .show that good physique 

 is associated with high intelligence. Besides the usual measurements, 

 tests of sight and hearing are made. The boy's position in games and 

 other physical exercise is also noted. 



TuRNEK, Sir William, refers to his memoir on Scottish crania in 

 'Trans.' Roy. Soc. Edinlmrgh, vol. xl., part iii., 1903, for an account 

 of the anthropometrical methods followed l)y him. 



From the above memoir it appears that over sixty points are noted 

 on each skull, half of which relate to the size of the cranial cavity and 

 half to the facial part of the skull. Included in the first set of measure- 

 ments are cubical capacity of the skull, five diameters of width, one of 

 length, and one of height. The circumference of the skull is taken in 

 four directions, and eight radii are measured. From these measurements 

 nine indices are calculated. 



