ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN CRETE. 411 



'differs from the results obtained for Greeks of Asia Minor, for in the 

 latter ^ a very distinctly dolichocephalic element is present, and in 

 the Greeks of the mainland this element, though not entirely absent, 

 is so feeble as to be almost negligible. 



In respect of hair colour the predominant tones are the darker shades 

 of brown and jet-black. The most frequent eye colours are : dark brown, 

 38"5 per cent. ; and hazel, 35"9 per cent, respectively. 



A comparison of these results with those published by other in- 

 vestigators leads to the conclusion that the individuals observed may be 

 regarded as fairly typical ; and a comparison with the modern Cretan 

 results — report (b) — shows that while the modern head-form in Crete varies 

 between extremes of dolichocephaly and brachycephaly, and that the 

 modern Cretans on the whole have rather longer heads than modern 

 Greeks of the mainland, yet in some respects the modern Eastern Cretans 

 surpass the modern Greeks, having shorter heads than these. 



While the hair colour forms but a slight basis for contrast between 

 the same modern stocks which closely resemble each other in this respect, 

 the evidence of the eye colour is to the effect that while the hazel tint 

 predominates (40'5 per cent.) in Crete the chief place in point of frequency 

 in Greece is shared by eyes of this colour and by dark-brown eyes, so that 

 the modern Greeks of the mainland are more decidedly brunette than are 

 the modern Cretans. 



Lastly, when the proportions of the skull are considered (correction 

 being made where necessary for head measurements) it will be noticed 

 that on the whole modern Greeks and modern Cretans differ from their 

 prehistoric predecessors in the same way, viz., that the head-form, which 

 ■was previously elongated, has become very much shorter. For this com- 

 parison of the prehistoric and the modern populations the material dealt 

 with in special reports («), (b), and (c) is now available, in addition to 

 that forming the subject of the present section. 



Such a conclusion has no doubt been anticipated, but it is submitted 

 that the confirmation derived from a wider study will not be without 

 value, 



Concluding Remarks, 



The foregoing notes constitute a 7es?rHie of the observations and data 

 made and collected during the limited time available for research. As 

 regards the special object towards which the Committee devoted the 

 grant, it is pointed out that the local change in physical type has been 

 very great indeed since the settlement at Roussolakkos was flourishing. 

 In head-form in particular the change has been marked ; but this effect 

 has not been uniformly produced, though the eastern part of Crete has 

 been particularly influenced. On the other hand, the data from other 

 provinces include some which suggest strongly that the search for modern 

 representatives of the Minoan population of Eastern Crete must be 

 diverted from Sitia, and that other localities may have escaped from the 

 action of influences which have acted powerfully in the eastern province, 

 inaccessible though it was believed to be. The present reports can there- 

 fore only be regarded as instalments, and it is believed that further 

 •efforts would be richly rewarded. 



' Cf. V. Luschan. 



