TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 659 



The relative succession of events for which evidence has been obtained appeals 

 to have been as follows : — 



1. Land higher than at present — 'erosion of valleys now submerged. 



2. Land depressed to about eight or ten feet below present level— formation 

 of preglacial raised beach. 



3. Elevation of land — accumulation of blown sand, and subsequently of lower 

 ' head.' 



4. Advance of the Irish Sea Ice from the east at least as far as Power Head, 

 and deposition of marly boulder-clay, followed by advance of ice from West Cork 

 and deposition of upper * local ' boulder-clay. 



5. Accumulation of upper 'head.' 



Finally we would call attention to the complete similarity of the preglacial 

 beach to that of Gower in Soutb Wales described by 3Ir. Tiddeman. The only 

 difference worthy of notice is the apparent absence of fossils in the Cork beach—- 

 a difference wliich is easily accounted for by the quantity of spriug water which 

 issues along the platform through the gravel and sand of the beach. 



3. Land Shells in the Infra-Glacial Chalk- rubble at Seioerhy, near 

 Bridlington.^ By G. W. Lamplugh, F.G.S. 



The Chalk-rubble which underlies the glacial drifts of Flamborough Head has 

 not hitherto been known to contain organic remains. In a recent exposure of this 

 material on the foreshore between Bridlington Quay and Sewerby the writer 

 found numerous small fragile land-shells contained principally in intercalated 

 streaks of brown earth. These shells belong mainly, if not entirely, to the species 

 Fupa muscorum, Linn. The level at which they were found was about 8 feet 

 below the top of the Sewerby Infra-Glacial Sea-beach, and tlie Chalk-rubble is 

 known to descend to at least 25 feet below this level. 



The rubble usually rests directly upon the Chalk, but at Sewerby it overlies the 

 Infra-Glacial blown sand which is banked against the buried cliff of chalk. The 

 presence of the land-shells proves that the rubble is a sub-aerial rain-wash, and that 

 it was formed when the sea stood at a lower level than when the Infra-Glacial 

 Beach was deposited. The conditions thus indicated are strikingly similar to those 

 which obtain in the deposits associated with tbe Infra-Glacial buried shores of 

 South Wales and co. Cork, where the old marine beaches and the accompanying 

 blown-sand are covered by local rain-wash or ' head' and then by boulder-clay. 



The Chalk-rubble at Sewerby contains many small pieces of flint, though no 

 flint is present in the Chalk within two miles of this locality ; a few small 

 fragments of yellow grit or quartzite foreign to the neighbourhood, along with one 

 subangular boulder of similar rock 18 inches in diameter, and two or three small 

 decomposed pebbles of basalt, were also found in it. Part of the material was 

 probably deposited almost immediately before the glaciation of the district. 



4. Preliminary Report of tlie Committee on the Estuarine Deposits at 

 Kirniington, Lincolnshire. — See Reports, p. 218. 



5. Report of the Committee on Erratic Blocks.—Bee Reports, p. 23L 



6. Rpjmrt (fthe Committee to Explore Irish Cafes.— See Reports, p. 183. 



' The full test of this paper will be published In ProC, Tvrl's, Gcvl. amf toli/iich. 

 Society. 



U u2 



