86 A Study of the Vegetation of 
fungi as well as such saprophytes as Corallorhiza spp. and Ptero- 
Spora andromedea appears meager indeed to one accustomed to 
the rich fungal flora of an eastern deciduous forest. 
The following lists indicate the shrubs, herbs, and some fungi 
commonly found in well developed mesophytic forests: 
Chimaphila umbellata 
Lonicera utahensis 
Menziesia ferruginea 
Pachistima myrsinites 
Pyrus sitchensis 
Ribes viscosissimum 
Actaea spicata arguta 
Adenocaulon bicolor 
Anemone pipert 
Arnica cordifolia 
Asarum caudatum -: 
Clintonia uniflora 
Coptis occidentalis 
Disporum majus 
Fragaria spp. 
Galium spp. 
Boletus sp. 
Clavaria spp. 
Coprinus comatus 
Gyromitra esculenta 
Ribes lacustre 
Rosa pisocarpa 
Rubus parviflorus 
Sambucus melanocarpa °° 
Vaccinium macrophyllum 
Linnaea borealis longiflora 
Mitella stauropetala 
Osmorhiza divaricata 
Pyrola spp. 
Streptopus majus 
Thalictrum occidentale 
Tiarella unifoliata 
Trillium ovatum 
Vagnera amplexicaulis 
Morchella bispora 
Morchella spp. 
Peziza spp. 
Sarcosoma globosum 
These changes in the shrubby and herbaceous populations from 
the less mesophytic to the more mesophytic members as the suc- 
cession advances are no less characteristic than the changes in the 
lichen flora which abounds on the trees. While in open pine 
woodland the trees are often covered with the yellowish and gray- 
ish patches of Letharia vulpina and Parmelia physodes, in the 
early stages of the Douglas fir-tamarack community these lichens 
give way especially to species of Alectoria. Of these the long 
pendant thallus of A. fremonti is especially characteristic, while 
86 
