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Southeastern Washington and Adjacent Idaho. 93 
Galium sp., Asarum caudatum, Anemone piperi, Pyrola bracteata, 
Cytherea bulbosa, and species of Vagnera, all found here, are 
typical plants of the moister slopes, and contrast markedly with 
Calamagrostis rubescens, Bromus marginatus, Pteridium aqui- 
linum pubescens, Pentstemon pinetorum, Astragalus mortoni, Aster 
conspicuus, Anaphalis margaritacea occidentalis, Antennaria 
racemosa, Pedicularis racemosa, and Berberis repens, found on 
the more open south mountain side. 
Cut-over areas in the northeast part of the region, where as 
a result of fires lodgepole pine is frequently abundant, showed in 
addition to the usual herbaceous and shrubby growth and tree 
seedlings of all the common tree species, a frequent dominance of 
Pinus murrayana. The numerical dominance is a result of its 
prolific seeding habit, brush fires being sufficient to open many 
of the cones, while its rapid height-growth makes it stand out 
prominently when mixed with other species. The developmental 
history of such areas will be considered under reforestation of 
burns. 
A report of the study of the natural reforestation of burned 
areas in the mountains of northern Idaho has already been made 
(6). Although much of the area there included lies outside of 
the boundaries of the present investigation, still conditions are so 
similar that a brief statement may be included here. 
During the month of August, 1910, the greater part of northern 
Idaho and much of eastern Montana was swept by one of the 
most extensive and destructive forest fires ever experienced in 
that part of the country. In many heavily wooded canyons the 
draft was so violent during the fire and the heat so intense as to 
destroy every vestige of life above ground. 
The town of St. Maries, Idaho, lies against the slopes of foot- 
hills, which, prior to 1910, were covered with a more or less mixed 
forest of coniferous trees comprising the following species: Pseu- 
dotsuga mucronata, in practically all situations ; Pinus ponderosa, 
abundant on south slopes and in exposed and rocky situations ; 
Larix occidentalis associated with Abies grandis and Pseudo- 
tsuga; Pinus monticola and Thuja plicata accompanied by indi- 
93 
