Southeastern Washington and Adjacent Idaho. 99 
These may be shaded by too dense thickets of various shrubs, 
which may spring up from underground parts, and largely re- 
place the herbaceous vegetation. But usually the shrubs form a 
protection against wind and excessive evaporation. The trees in 
turn suppress the shrubs and the mature forest, usually similar 
to the one preceding, is replaced. 
Studies of reforestation in burns of varying severity show 
more or less incompletely the several stages of the subsere. How- 
ever, continued investigation in these and in completely burned 
areas indicates the following seral stages, some of which may be 
telescoped or even lacking in any one particular burned area. 
Salix-Vaccinium ASSOCIES 
Vaccinium consocies 
Rubus consocies 
Salix consocies 
Epilobium-Cirsium ASSOCIES 
Cirsium consocies 
Epilobium consocies 
Agrostis-Bromus ASSOCIES 
Bromus consocies 
Agrostis consocies 
Funaria-Marchantia ASSOCIES 
Marchantia consocies 
Funaria consocies 
There remains only to be considered briefly reproduction in 
the burns in the northeastern part of the area and especially 
along the Palouse River where the lodgepole pine plays a sig- 
nificant role. The wide range of the lodgepole habitat from very 
moist to very dry soil, its rapid growth and early reproduction as 
well as its inability to withstand fires or to endure shade are too 
well known to necessitate discussion here. 
The forests of this part of the region, where lumbering oper- 
ations have been going on for a long time and burns of all ages 
occur, are mixed throughout with lodgepole pine, the amount of 
which may vary from a few towering relict trees to nearly pure 
stands. 
le 
