32 Frederick Warren Sanford 



journey, the sixty-one days made out above are reduced to approxi- 

 mately fifty-five. As a working hypothesis this number may 

 safely be assumed as the minimum total time for the events thus 

 far considered. 



If Caesar arrived at Augusta Praetoria even as late as Novem- 

 ber 25, it becomes certain, on this score alone, that the current 

 view as to the date of the augural election is untenable. Accord- 

 ing to that view the election was held later than the date of Fain. 

 VIII, 12, and so not earlier than September 19. Between this 

 date and November 25, inclusive, there were only sixty-six days, 

 with two time allowances, certainly not short, yet to be made. 



Previous evidence has fixed August 18 as the latest possible 

 date of the augural election. ^•^'^ Between that date and the prob- 

 able time of Caesar's second arrival in Italy, November 14, there 

 were eighty-five days, leaving thirty days for the two items still 

 to be accounted for, Caesar's journey through northern Italy and 

 his sojourn with his army after the review. 



Caesar's ostensible purpose {c. 50, 3-4) in visiting the towns 

 of Cisalpine Gaul was political, with reference first to Antonius's 

 candidacy for the augurate, and then to his own candidacy for 

 the consulship of 48. But in view of the attitude of his political 

 opponents he could not have been blind to the possibility of having 

 to defend himself by an appeal to arms. In the event of hostilities 

 he must at all hazards be able to count on the loyalty of his Cisal- 

 pine province, without regard to the difference in political status 

 between the Cispadane and Transpadane regions. He certainly 

 would not hesitate to enroll citizens with Latin rights in any new 

 levies, and had probably done so in the years past. Even from 

 a candidate's standpoint the Transpadane region was of some in- 

 terest, since full Roman citizenship was possessed by the old 

 Roman colony of Eporedia, and also by Cremona and Aquileia, 

 which as Latin colonies had received full citizenship by the lex 

 Pompcia^^~ of 89. By virtue of the same law many other Trans- 

 padane communities had acquired the rights of Latin colonies. 



' P. 308. 

 Marquardt, Staatsverw., V, pp. 61-62. 



324 



