FAMILY TEUTHID-E — ACANTHURUS. 139 



FAMILY XL TEUTHID^. 



Body compressed, ovate, ohlong. Mouth small, not protractile. Teeth often dentated, and 

 disposed in a single row in both jaws. Palate and tongue smooth. A single dorsal, 

 usually long. 



Obs. This family, which is pecuhar to the warmer regions of the ocean, has been esta- 

 blished upon a few genera, which, at the end of the last century, did not comprise more than 

 eight or ten species. In the great work of Cuvier and Valenciennes, now in course of publi- 

 cation, one hundred species are enumerated. It is allied to the family Scombrida», and might 

 be considered as a group subordinate to that family. The species appear to be chiefly her- 

 bivorous. I am not aware that we have more than one representative of this family on the 

 coast of New-York, although farther south we shall undoubtedly find many others. 



GENUS ACANTHURUS. Cuvier and Valenciennes. 



Teeth cutting and serrated. A movable spine on the side of the tail. Head deep, com- 

 pressed. Eyes placed high up on the head. The skin thick, and usually covered with 

 small scales. 



TEIE SURGEON. 



ACANTHHRCS PULEEOTOMUS. 



PLATE LXXin. FIG. 234. 



Barhero. Parka, Desc. de diff. &c. p. 45, pi. 21, fig. 2. 

 ISAcaniliUTe saigneur. Cov. et Val. Hist, des Poiss. Vol. 10, p. 176. 



Characteristics. Opercles deeply striated ; the scapular also striated. Bluish brown. Tail 

 nearly even. Length 6-12 inches. 



Description. Body elliptical and compressed. Front nearly regularly curved to the snout. 

 Mouth very small. The opercles with radiating striae, and the scapular equally so with the 

 humeral bone. Nostrils double, approximated, and the small posterior one very near the 

 orbit. Scales small, rounded, extending over all the body and head, except on the opercular 

 bones. Lateral line concurrent with, and near the dorsal outline. On each side of the tail 

 is a strong, acute, compressed, lancet-shaped spine, narrowed at the base. This lies in a 

 furrow, but can be elevated forwards at an angle of 45", and become a powerful weapon. 

 Teeth not covered by the lips, wide, compressed, serrated on their edges ; from twelve to 

 fourteen above, and about twenty below. Branchial rays five. 



The dorsal fin compound, extending from above the branchial aperture nearly to the tail, 

 and nearly subequal throughout ; the fii-st spinous ray very short. Caudal fin very slightly 

 excavated, nearly even. 



