ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN 



ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN 



Mammals 

 W. T. Hornaday. 



Birds 

 William Beebe. 

 Lee S. Crandall. 



BrpartrnpntEi : 



Published bi-monthly at the Office of the Society, 

 111 Broadway, New York City. 



Yearly by Mail, $1.00. 



MAILED FREE TO MEMBERS. 



Copyright, 1919, by the New York Zoological Society. 



Each author is responsible for the scientific accuracy 



and the proof reading of his contribution. 



Elwin R. Sanborn, 



Editor and Official Photographer 



Vol. XXII. No. 1. 



JANUARY, 1919 



THEODORE ROOSEVELT 



The untimely loss of Theodore Roosevelt has 

 struck, deep in many circles of American life. 

 As zoologists, we think of the loss to zoology 

 and wild-life protection. While this is not the 

 time to recount what he did in those fields, it 

 must be said that his unique labors and influ- 

 ence produced results that constitute in them- 

 selves a monument worthy of a great and com- 

 manding personage. The expedition to Africa, 

 and the zoological collections and literature that 

 resulted therefrom, constitute a great scientific 

 achievement. The measures for the protection 

 of wild life and forests that were either inaugu- 

 rated or finished by Col. Roosevelt during his 

 terms of office as President of the United States 

 were alone sufficient to make a reign illustrious. 



Above all, however, it is the loss of Roose- 

 velt's splendid Americanism, and his champion- 

 ship of the square deal to man, that registers 

 most heavily now. As an inspirer of youth and 

 men to high ideals of life, to straight thinking, 

 to right living and to high patriotic duty, he was 

 the greatest American that ever lived. This loss 

 in inspiring leadership is America's greatest 

 loss. There has been in this calculating world 

 few great leaders who have known no policy 

 save that of fearlessly driving ahead in the path 

 of duty, utterly regardless of personal conse- 

 quences to themselves ; but Roosevelt was pre- 

 eminently a leader of that rare kind. 



The contemporaries of Theodore Roosevelt 

 never again will see his equal, and the aching 

 void that he has left in all human probability 

 never will be filled by one who is at once a 

 statesman, a champion of the rights of men, a 

 hunter-zoologist, sportsman and writer — one 

 man, preeminent in all. m -p. j_t 



PREFACE TO ZOOLOGICA 

 VOLUME ONE 



President Henry Fairfield Osborn writes the 

 folloicing preface for the first bound volume of 

 Zoologica, to sltow our members and scientific 

 colleagues the aims of the 7iOological Society in 

 the new departure in zoology 'which it has 

 undertaken : 



The Zoological Society of New York was 

 chartered in 1895 for three principal objects. 



The first object was educational, namely, 

 popular nature teaching through the beautiful 

 and instructive arrangement of living mammals, 

 birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes, exhibit- 

 ed so far as possible in their native surround- 

 ings in a great, free zoological park and aquari- 

 um. The second object was economic, humani- 

 tarian, and aesthetic, namely, the preservation 

 and conservation of wild life, especially in 

 North America, but in all parts of the world as 

 well. 



When these two primary objects were well 

 advanced and the Society had established its 

 great Zoological Park and its great Aquarium 

 under the most intelligent and liberal scientific 

 administration, then it entered more seriously 

 upon its third chief object, namely, the promo- 

 tion of zoology through exploration, research, 

 and publication. 



Members of the scientific staff of the Park 

 and of the Aquarium did not. however, enter the 

 well trodden field of the lifeless cabinet or mu- 

 seum animal, nor of the older systematic or de- 

 scriptive zoology, but sought a new and inspir- 

 ing field which had been relatively little 

 pursued, namely, the observation of the living 

 bird and t lie living mammal, wherever possible 

 in its own living environment. This is a path 

 pursued by the older naturalists and travellers, 

 abandoned for a time in the work of the labora- 

 tory, but which is now followed with the new 

 ardor of a larger knowledge of the problems 

 and a deeper insight into the search for causes. 

 These causes are sought in the experiments 

 which nature herself is constantly trying, or 

 in a close imitation of the actual experiments of 

 nature, as in Beebe's studies of the causes gov- 

 erning the changes of plumage and of color in 

 the scarlet tanager (JPircmga), and the Inca dove 

 (Scardafella). 



Thus the Society puts forth this first volume 

 of collected contributions by younger men who 

 have been trained chiefly within its staff and by 

 its expeditions on land and sea, in the hope of 

 striking the new and inspiring note which life 

 always gives. These men have given the best 



