24 Hattie Plum Williams 
Taste II]. NumpBer oF Rooms Per DWELLING oF HoUuSES WITHIN THE 
SETTLEMENTS 
Number of Rooms North | South Total 
Summer kitchens: 
Esa saga adc patats cS AAV at Sh oe UMN ig atc cy ot TS alien ee 18 
Be NN SEN TS eG AU fc OURO ARE A nae cee a reaper alee 13 2 its 
Dwellings: 
Ti Sy saison arya c oerishe eae Saco S weer Me ctros eae ec tettane ese ena I m 
PERC Tee Fn Nt EE een RE enim pare ees Ge 75 42 II7 
eA Ae a band eicca O.Gth a. 0-0 UieamorelolO Ola aro Gicio a Ble eiaie 60 117 177 
LEB eC R AACOIG IO: 8 OL CIOIO OIG Oo CHTCO CO CLAIoR ORDER DOS IGe BUONO 105 123 228 
AG etree ne AIR es weneatret o Rep Teel re ora ab eRe CIS Ea none 50 16239) 187 
OT eee ER BE peer ab sy cine pe pele Re Laie. eemeUt 30 AT 17 
Taha van dal sevle taden ou atistte dal alee Wah yah s ealiate La cota a uemene ete ite IO 26 36 
Bi Ne eee EE eR cedure etic egies ih (MEANS archers eats 6 I5 21 
(GFE PRN Ly Rar PUR A Dare acer UR ea A gua vente ater 2 7 9 
TOs ideal pans arene uanee lac awers bald OMA Arb uiiege ota 3 2 5 
Totalenimiberomnrooms eee ae eee | 1,390 2,284 3,674 
Totalinumber ofjdwellingswaaer eee meee 372 519 801 
Average number of rooms per dwelling......... 3.7 4.4 4.1 
8.5 per cent. are of this size. The “summer kitchens” are dif- 
ferentiated from dwellings of the same size because they always 
indicate two houses on a lot and mean more crowding than the 
single dwellings. 
The “summer kitchen” is a distinctively Russian German in- 
stitution. It is a separate building, of one large or two small 
rooms, situated a few feet from the kitchen door of the main 
dwelling. In the German colonies in Russia, this structure was 
the chief means of protection against fire, which proves so de- 
structive among thatched roofs. In summer, when the buildings 
were not protected by snow, no fires were allowed built in the 
main dwelling but all cooking had to be done in these “ Sommer- 
kuechen,” which must be located as far as possible from the 
cther buildings of the yard and must be constructed of brick or 
stone.t® The custom has been transferred to this country 
although the occasion for it is removed. The buildings are used 
in summer, as formerly, for cooking and eating and the main 
dwelling is thus kept cooler and more free from flies. In winter 
they are usually rented out to returned “beetfielders”” or to new 
immigrants, and the profit accruing from these structures makes 
18 Klaus, Unsere Kolonien, Appendix, 35. 
150 
