26 CV Vie View ovninen, 
of the aorta, Reinemann (1754), Breschet (1826), Quain (1844), 
PIN, tien 2): seemien 2osbochdaleki@rso7)r 
A still more interesting variation is that in which the left sub- 
clavian artery is the continuation of the ductus and is entirely 
separated from the aorta, Helst (1832) and Hildebrand (1842). 
These cases have been incorrectly classed with that of Osler 
(1880) and others, see page 40, which have a very different basis 
for their formation. 
Strassmann (1894) has very fully reviewed the subject of the 
patency of the ductus arteriosus, so it will not be necessary for 
me to review it farther, since no new details have been encoun- 
Wane,” SSS IS, A7, Ad, 20, Be ehaval Vl, 
The following references will illustrate the various conditions 
under which persistent ductus arteriosus is found and will sug- 
gest the frequency of occurrence: 
Obet (1808), Langstaff (1811), Baillie (1812), Cailliot (1812), Farre 
(1814), Meckel (1816), Kreysig (1817), Tiedemann (1825), Breschet 
(1826), Bock (Cerutti 1827), Mauran (1827), Holst (1832), Chassenat 
(1836), Walshe (1842), Quain (1844), Beck (1846), Gruber (1846), Bab- 
ington (1847), Chevers (1847), Crisp (1847), Peacock (1847), Bernutz 
(1849), Chevers (1851), Johnson (1851), Ward (1851), Hale (1852), 
Rokitansky (1852), Keil (1854), Willigk (1854), Luys (1855), Clar (1857), 
Langer (1857), Meyer (1857), Sturock (1859), Pannard (1860), Her- 
vieux (1861), Ollivier (1861), Almagro (1862), Duroziez (1862), d’Bary 
(1864), Rokitansky (1864), Schnitzler (1864), Ramsbotham (1865), Ger- 
hardt (1867), Glas (1867), Arnold (1868), Walkhoff (1869), Peacock 
(1870), Semple (1870), Cameron (1871), Pye-Smith (1872), Fagge (1873), 
Jackson (1875), Martin (1877), Walsham (1877), Franck (1878), Allen 
(1879), Peacock & Reed (1880), Hildrith (1880), Lees (1880), Luneau 
(1880), Malherbe (1880), O’Sullivan (1880), Ingendahl (1881), v. Et- 
linger (1882), Holl (1882), Scott (1882), Abercrombie (1883), Thoma 
(1883), Ashby (1884), Berrand, Barry & Rachet (1884), Combes & 
Christopherson (1884), Coupland (1884), Foulis (1884), Holt (1884), 
Darier (1885), Vilon & Lévéque (1885), Barbillon (1886), Lane (1886), 
Leo (1886), Fussell (1888), Habershon (1888), Murray (1888), Hopkins 
(1889), Rickards (1889), Schanz (1889), Griffith (1891), Laffitte (1892), 
Moore (1892), Boquel (1893), Hebb (1893), Hochhaus (1893), Saunders 
(1893), Ferguson (1894), Haury (1894), Probyn-Williams (1894), Stembo 
(1894), Frenkel (1806), Monod (1896), Siredey (1806), Cyon (1897), 
Josefson (1897), Gérard (1899), Alfieri (1900), Gibson (1900), Thomson 
& Drummond (1900), Ardissone (1902), Sidlauer (1902), Gutkind (1903), 
254 
