Arterial Anomalies 35 
Lenoir (1832), Fleischmann (1835) 2 cases, Dubrueil (1837) 2 cases, Har- 
rison (1839) 2 cases, Liston (1839), Todd (1839), Demeaux (1841), Gor- 
gone (1841) Ref. Banchi ’o7, Brent (1844), Patruban (1844), Quain 
(1844) 8 cases, Reid (1846) 2 cases, Arnold (1847), Demarquay (1848) 
3 cases, Stachelroth (1850) 2 cases, Frandsen (1854), Cavasse (1856), 
Hyrtl (1859), Oehl (1859) 2 cases, Wood (1859), Peacock (1860) 5 
cases, Dubrueil (1862), Turner (1862) 4 cases, Barkow (1866), Barwell 
(1867), Wood (1867), Barkow (1869) 10 cases, Bankart, Pye-Smith, 
Phillips (1869) 2 cases, Peacock (1870), Bradley (1871), Eppinger (1871), 
Leidy (Ref. Mears ’71), Mears (1871), Pancoast (Ref. Mears ’71), Pye- 
Smith, Howse, Davies-Colley (1871) 2 cases, Diiben (1876), Krause 
(1876), Shepherd (1877), Zenker (1878) 5 cases, Flesch (1879), Carrier 
(1880), Walsham (1880), Wiltshire (1881), Brown (1882), Giacomini 
(1882) 6 cases, Brenner (1883) 3 cases, Ozenne (1883), Horrocks, White, 
Lane (1884), Collins (1885), McArdle (1885), Beisso & Giuria (1886) 3 
cases, Struthers (1888), Deaver (1889), Mann (1889), Calori (1890) 5 
cases, Dunn, Washburn, Targett (1890), Ledouble (1890) 3 cases, Rau 
(1890), Thomson (1890), Bothezat & Chatiniére (1891), Thomson (1891) 
3 cases, Solger (1893), Leboucq (1894) 4 cases, Faure (1895), Jacques 
(1895) 2 cases, Gotz (1896) 2 cases, Testut (1896) 2 cases, Herrick (1897), 
Miura (1897), Anile (1898), Holzapfel (1899) 4 cases, Rolly (1899) (Ref. 
Banchi ’07), Hamann (1900), Ledouble (1901) 3 cases, Blair (1902) 2 
cases, Cabibbe (1901) (Ref. Banchi ’07), Bouchet (1903), Duckworth 
(1906), Gérard (1906), Gianelli (1894) (Ref. Banchi ’07), Zoia (1872) 
(Ref. Banchi ’07), Banchi (1907), 2 cases, Pearce-Gould (1909), Geddes 
(1910), Hasebe (1912), Adachi (1914), Cobey (1914), Gladstone & Wake- 
ley (1915), 7 cases in the Warren Museum. 
This irregularity is very unusual in animals but the following cases have 
been encountered. 
Meckel (Ref. Cuvier 1810) in the hedgehog, Ogilvie & Cathcart (1874) 
in a lamb and Smith (1891) in a rabbit. 
(b and c) The condition in which the anomalous subclavian is 
between the cesophagus and trachea and that in which itisin front 
of the trachea may be considered together from a developmental 
standpoint, but the cases of each type will be listed separately. 
Fig. 5 may be used to illustrate the conditions but not to suggest 
the actual developmental process. There are many difficulties in 
the way of using the explanation which accounts for the forma- 
tion of the preceding group (fig. 12) in expounding the forma- 
tion of these irregularities; neither Turner (1862) nor Krause 
(1876) seem to have fully appreciated the fact. 
263 
