Arterial Anomalies Buh 
for an atrophy of the junction of the “fused” fifth arches and the 
ventral aortae, see fig. 7. 
The following cases represent the two conditions: b, cases in 
which the anomalous subclavian passes between the cesophagus 
and the trachea; c, cases in which the subclavian passes ventral 
to the trachea: 
Group b (artery passes between trachea and cesophagus): Bayford 
(1789), Brewer (1791), Monro (1797), Herold (1812), Hesselbach (1824), 
Harrison (1839), Hyrtl (1841), Pigné (1847), Stachelroth (1850), Gross 
(1852), Peacock (1860), Brown & Brown (1868), Bankart, Pye-Smith, 
Phillips (1869), Bradley (1871), Calori (1890), Thomson (1891), Glad- 
stone & Wakeley (1915). : 
Group c (artery is pretracheal) : Hunauld (1735), Meckel (1751) in a 
letter to Haller (1743-56), Walter (1785) 2 cases, Cruveilhier (1831), 
Vittorini (1831) (Ref. Banchi ’o7), Dubrueil (1847), Blandin (1842), 
Burns (Ref. Banchi ’o7). 
Another question in connection with these cases, which is of 
great interest, is the relation of the right vagus nerve to the 
anomalous subclavian artery. Unfortunately many reports are 
silent on this point but it is shown from the reports recording 
this relation that in some cases the nerve runs ventral to the ar- 
tery and in others it has a dorsal course. Banchi (1907) sug- 
gests that the process by which the nerve reaches a dorsal position 
in these cases is through a secondary subclavian, which Rabl 
(1906) has shown is the manner in which a similar relationship 
is effected normally in birds. 
(d) In certain cases of anomalous subclavian artery there are 
additional variations either in the number of branches springing 
from the arch or in their position on the arch. It is my impres- 
sion from a study of these cases in conjunction with other varia- 
tions that they represent two independent processes; they are 
included here as a separate group simply to facilitate more de- 
tailed study. The cases are all listed in the preceding groups of 
this class and are again listed in the proper classes under section 
III, so in the following list references for full detail are to the 
various classes of section III. 
Hunauld (1735), Meckel & Haller (1751), Erdmann (1772), Sandifort 
(1772), Walter (1785), Koberwein (1810), Meckel (1820), Tiedemann 
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