48 C. W. M. Poynter 
(1895), Gotz (1896), Holzapfel (1899), Banchi (1907), Gladstone & 
Wakeley (1915), Warren Museum 5 cases. 
5. The order of branches is: Bi-carotid stem, right subclavian, 
left subclavian. Cases reported by Lauth (1830) and Quain 
(1844). 
6. The order of branches is: Right carotid, stem composed of 
the left carotid and the left subclavian, right subclavian; see fig. 
41. One case has been observed by Tiedemann (1822) ; this be- 
longs in the general class of low origin of the right subclavian, 
section 11, D1. 
7. The order of branches is: Innominate, left subclavian, left 
carotid. Example reported by Weber (1829). 
8. The order of branches is: Innominate, left external carotid, 
left subclavian. This group has been previously reported as sec 
tion Uses: 
g. The order of branches is: Innominate, dividing into right 
subclavian, internal and external carotids, left common carotid, 
left subclavian. Previously reported, see section II, D, 6. 
to. In right aortic arch the order of branches is: Innominate 
(left), right carotid, right subclavian. Previously reported as 
Section II, C, 1. 
11. In right aortic arch the order of branches is: Innominate 
made up of the right and left common carotids, right subclavian, 
left subclavian. This is the counterpart of group 4 above; cases, 
which are included in section II, C, 2, have been reported by 
Annan (1909) and Macalester (1909). 
12. The order of branches is: Right subclavian, right carotid, 
left carotid from the arch; the left subclavian from the ductus 
arteriosus. Reported by Holst (1832) and Hildebrand (1842). 
13. Ascending aorta divides into the right subclavian, right 
and left common carotids; the left subclavian and descending 
aorta from the ductus arteriosus. Reported as section II, D, 4. 
D. Number of Branches from the Aortic Arch Greater than 
Normal 
1. Number of Branches Four.—(a) The order of branches is: 
Right subclavian, right common carotid, left common carotid, left 
276 
