116 C. W. M. Poynter 
Fic. 32. This figure, representing a case of right aortic arch, with the 
left subclavian artery as the last branch and the right vertebral springing 
from the arch, was taken from Abbott! (1892), fig. 1. 
Fic. 33. This figure, representing a case of atresia of the pulmonary 
artery, was taken from Keith (1909), fig. 4; the pulmonary artery leaves 
the heart as a fibrous cord but rapidly enlarges to about normal, the ductus 
arteriosus is patent. 
Fic. 34. This figure, representing a case of thyreoidea ima springing 
from the arch, was taken from Neubauer (1786), fig. 2, Plate VII. 
Fic. 35. This figure, representing a case of bi-innominate trunks, was 
taken from Tiedemann (1822), fig. 4, Plate II, and copied by Quain (1844), 
fig. 9, Plate VI. 
Fic. 36. This figure was drawn from a specimen of left common carotid 
springing from the innominate, which is in the Warren Museum. 
Fig. 37. This figure, representing a single branch from the aortic arch, 
was taken from Tiedemann (1822), fig. 3, Plate II, illustrating the case of 
Klinz (1793), p. 273. It was copied by Quain (1844), fig. 6, Plate V. 
Fic. 38. This figure was drawn from a specimen of low origin of the 
right subclavian with both carotids springing from a common stem, which 
is in the Warren Museum. 
Fic. 39. This figure, taken from Krause (1876), fig. 115 (Macartney), 
Tiedemann, 1846, fig. 6, Plate XX XIX, represent's a case of low origin of 
the right subclavian artery. with the right vertebral springing from the 
right common carotid and the left vertebral from the aortic arch. 
Fic. 40. This figure, representing a case of common trunk for the caro- 
tids, was taken from Tiedemann oe fig. 2, Plate III, copied by Quain 
(1844) as fig. 4, Plate VII. 
Fic. 41. This figure, representing a case of low right subclavian artery, 
with a common stem for the left carotid and subclavian, was taken from 
Tiedemann (1822), fig. 6, Plate II; copied by Quain (1844) as fig. 8, 
Plate VII. 
Fic. 42. This figure, representing a case in which all four branches 
spring separately from the arch, was taken from Tiedemann (1822), fig. 
3, Plate III; copied by Quain (1844) as fig. 10, Plate VI. 
Fic. 43. This figure, representing a case of the left common carotid 
arising from the innominate trunk and the left vertebral from the arch, 
was taken from Tiedemann (1822), fig. 7, Plate II. 
Fic. 44. This figure, representing a case of the right subclavian arising 
as the second branch from the arch, was taken from Tiedemann (1822), 
fig. 4, Plate III; copied by Quain (1844) as fig. 11, Plate VI. The origi- 
nal was by Huber (1777), vol. 8, p. 75 and fig. 3. 
Fic. 45. This figure is adapted from a case of left vertebral arising 
from the aortic arch which was found in our dissecting rooms. 
344 
