CHAPTER V. 



THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. 

 (Plates XX, XXT, XXII, LV, and LVI.) 



The cervical vertebnie of the D'uiocerata, in their main characters, 

 resemble tliose of the Proboscidians. The athis and axis are somewhat 

 similar to those of the elephant. The rest of the cervicals are jjroportionally 

 longer. I'lie entire neck was about one-third longer than in the elephant, 

 thus rendering a proboscis unnecessary, as the head coidd readily reach 

 the ground. 



All the presacral vertebra", beliind tlie atlas and axis, have the 

 articular faces of the centra nearly Hat, as in the typical Proboscidians. 

 In other respects, they present no strongly marked characters of 

 importance. 



The Atlas. 



(Plate XX ; and woodcuts 84, 85, and 86, below.) 



The atlas in the Dhiocerata is a massive bone, presenting the ordinary 

 articular faces of this vertebra. The anterior pair of these, for the 

 reception of the occipital condyles, are well separated above and below. 

 The three posterior ftices, for ;irticnlation with the second vertebra, or axis, 

 are also widely separated from each other. All these three faces are 

 sub-circular iu outline, and the lateral ones are somewhat emarginate 



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