CONCLUSION, 175 



(9.) Vertebra?, flat. 

 (10.) Scapula, acuminate. 

 (11.) Sternal bones, flat. 

 (12.) Iliac bones, transverse. 

 (13.) Femur and tibia in line. 

 (14.) Ulna and fibula, complete. 

 (15.) Femur without tliird trochanter 

 (16.) Feet, plantigrade. 

 (17.) Axis of foot throuyh thii'd digit. 

 (18.) Five digits in manus and pes. 

 (19.) Two bones in first tarsal row. 

 (20.) Carpals and tarsals, slightly interlocking. 

 (21.) Astragalus, flat. 

 (22.) Fibula articulating witli calcaneum. 



The Holodacfi/la were the direct ancestors of the great group to which 

 both the Perissodactyls and Artiodactyls, living and extinct, belonged. 

 The two latter form togetlier a well marked order, which may be called 

 the CUnodactyla. Their more important characters are as follows : 



(1.) Brain, moderate in size, and convoluted. 



(2.) Lower canines. 



(3.) Maxillo-turbinal bones. 



(4.) Malar bone forming front of zygomatic arcb. 



(5.) Post-glenoid process. 



(6.) Cervical vertebra^ mon; or less convexo-concave. 



(7.) Trunk verteljra', not more than twenty-three. 



(8.) Scapula, spatulate. 



(9.) Iliac bones, parallel. 

 (10.) Femur and tibia not in line. 

 (11.) Feet, digitigrade. 



(12.) Carpals and tarsals, strongly interlocking. 

 (13.) Central bone, absent. 

 (14.) Scaphoid articulating with magnum. 

 (15.) Astragalus, grooved. 



