CONCLUSION. 181 



If now we compare tlie Dinocerafa witli the Perissodactyls, ^^ e iind 

 an ag-reement in the following characters : 



(1.) Premolar and molar teeth similar in form. 



(2.) Nasal bones expanding posteriorly. 



(3.) Malar bone forming front of zygomatic arch. 



(4.) Alisphenoid canal. 



(5 ) Posterior nares between last molars. 



(6.) Post-glenoid process. 



(7.) Carpal and tarsal bones, more or less interlocking. 



(8.) Axis of foot through third digit. 



(9.) Astragalus articulating with cuboid. 



With the typical Artiodactyls, the Binocemfa have the following 

 characters in common : 



(1.) Cranial protuberances in pairs. 

 (2.) No upper incisors. 



(3.) Premaxillary bones uniting with maxillaries and nasals. 

 (4.) Premaxillaries with palatine plates. 

 (5.) Lower incisors and canine in continuous series. 

 (6.) Sternal bones, flat. 

 (7.) Femur without third trochanter. 

 (8.) Cari)al and tarsal bones, more or less interlocking. 

 (9.) Fibula articulating with calcaneum. 

 (10). Astragalus articulating with cuboid. 



Modification op the Ungulate Foot. 



The characters of most importance in Ungulate iMannnals are found 

 in the teeth, the brain, and the feet. The hist are of special interest in 

 the present connection, as they mark the stages of development in each 

 group from tire primitive Ungulates to the highly modified forms existing 

 to-day. A brief statement of this development will make more cleai- the 

 relation of the Dimcerata to other groups of Ungulates, with which we 

 have already compared them. 



