220 Plant Associations of Flamborough Head. 



of shorter duration, and on the melting of the ice the upper Clay 

 was deposited. 



The material varies considerably from fine laminated clays 

 to sand or gravel, and these determine some peculiar features 

 in the vegetation of the Headland. 



There is no natural woodland, but there are several planta- 

 tions and parklands. The largest is Boynton Wood, which 

 was planted about a century ago, and contains a large collection 

 of interesting trees planted mainly for ornamental purposes. 

 These include many species of Conifers, e.g., Piccea Abies, Pinus, 

 Larix, Cedrus, Sequoia, Thuja, Taxus, Araucaria, also Quercus 

 and Juglans. The prevailing Oak is Q. robnr ; the sessile 

 fruited Oak is absent. There are many fine Beech, Sycamore, 

 Chestnut and Ash, and the latter is the most commonly planted 

 tree in the hedgerows. The ground Flora is of the moist 

 flowery type so common in the glaciated areas of the East 

 Riding, and consists of Red Campion, *Herb Robert, Greater 

 Stitchwort, Lesser Celandine, Wood Avens, Forget-me-not, 

 Primrose, and Wood Violet, with an abundance of Stinging 

 Nettle, Enchanter's Nightshade, Yellow Pimpernel, Earth- 

 nut, Giant Bellflower, Figwort, also Male Lady and Brittle- 

 bladder Ferns. 



Conspicuous introductions in the ground Flora were Saxi- 

 fraga umbrosa, and S. Geum ; and along one of the paths 

 occurred Geranium phcBum, also Allium scorodoprastim and 

 Viola odorata. Under groups of small trees in the park, 

 the ground flora, which consisted of meadow species, showed 

 interesting change due to the effect of shade. The species 

 were the same as those of the surrounding meadow, but the 

 change in dominance presented a striking contrast, the shade- 

 enduring species standing out conspicuously among the dimin- 

 ishing light demanders. 



The fish-ponds in the wood were fringed by an interesting 

 zonation of species. The narrow border, between the path 

 and the water's edge, was marked by zones, of which the con- 

 spicuous species in each zone were (i) Daisy ; (2) Red Campion ; 

 (3) Spiraea ; and (4) Rushes, Horsetails, and Water Plantain. 

 The outer zone consisted of a grassy border in which the flowers 

 of the Daisy formed a conspicuous white line. Associated 

 with this were Dandelion, Spear-thistle, Coltsfoot, and Hog- 

 weed, wind dispersed along the path ; also the Germander 

 and Common Speedwells, Blue Bugle, Ground Ivy, Self-heal, 

 Cinquefoil, Creeping Buttercup, Strawberry, and the Common 

 Mouse-ear Chickweed. 



The names employed are those of the Botanists Pocket Book, Ed. 13. 

 by G. C. Druce. 



