Plant Associations of Flamborough Head. 221 



The second zone was a showy belt of Red Campion, together 

 with species common in the adjoining wood, viz. : Wood 

 Avens, Herb Robert, Wood Sanicle, Cleavers, and the Common 

 Dock. 



The third zone approaching the water's edge was dominated 

 by the Meadow Sweet, shewing the interesting variations in 

 hairiness from the lower to the upper leaves described by Prof. 

 Yapp. Along with it were the Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock), 

 Forget-me-not, and Marsh Horsetail. 



In the fourth zone along the water's edge, the bases of the 

 plants standing in very wet soil or in the water, were the Hairy 

 Willow Herb, Yellow Loosestrife, Water Mint, Common Rush, 

 Water Plantain, Great Water Dock, and the Smooth Water 

 Horsetail ; the three latter extending far into the shallow 

 water. The chief rooted aquatics were the spiked Water 

 Milfoil and the broad-leaved Pondweed. The free-floating 

 aquatic, the large Bladderwort, was abundant. In an adjoining 

 pond was the white Water Lily and a great mass of Marestail. 



The other plantations of the Headland occur chiefly along 

 the Danes' Dyke and at Sewerby, some of them, e.g., Cockerill 

 Hill Plantation, containing a considerable variety of trees. 

 The Danes' Dyke plantation, which may be given as a type, is 

 a Beech-Elm-Ash wood, with a moist and flowery ground flora. 

 The Beeches were small, and here and there were a few Syca- 

 mores and Scots Pines and Larches. The dominant grass is 

 the tufted Hair Grass, and the large Fescue Grass and hairy 

 Brome Grass are common, while an abundance of false Brome 

 Grass, with yellow green foliage occurs under the Beeches. 

 The Red Campion is the conspicuous flowering plant, and seed- 

 lings are abundant. 



Other common species are : — Small Celandine, Dog Violet 

 {V. riviniana), Wood Avens, Brambles, Herb Robert, Broad 

 Smooth-leaved Willow Herb, Hemlock, Cleavers, Primrose, 

 Forget-me-not, Marsh Thistle, and a few plants of the Woolly- 

 leaved Thistle, Tway Blade, Spotted Orchis and others adding 

 to the variety ; but confined chiefly to the path sides were the 

 Creeping Buttercup, Daisy, Broad-leaved Dock, and Vernal 

 Grass. 



In places where the steep entrenchment was planted with 

 trees, the former covering of meadow species was replaced by 

 a carpet chiefly of Red Campion and Male Fern ; another 

 striking instance of the influence of trees on the ground Flora. 



Most of the land in the area is arable ; Rye (in ear) being 

 noted, which is one of the interesting cereals in the East 

 Riding. 



The pastures are of two main types, which in the spring 

 are respectively dominated by the bulbous Buttercup and the 

 Daisy. These two species, when very conspicuous, indicate 



912 July 1. 



