Plant Associations of Flamborottgh Head. 223 



Hoary, Sea and Buckshorn Plantains, Bulbous Buttercup, 

 Small Celandine, Red Campion, Common and Mouse-ear 

 Chickweeds ; Sea Thrift, and Bird's Foot Trefoil occur in large 

 showy patches ; Yellow Bedstraw, Cleavers, Nettle, Hogweed, 

 Primrose and numerous composites, e.g. :-v— Daisy, Dandelion, 

 Yarrow, Burdock, Black Knapweed, Scentless Mayweed, 

 Ragwort, Small Burdock, and Mouse-ear Hawkweed. On 

 the chalk cliffs are large patches of the Common Scurvy Grass, 

 and near Sewerby and frequently on the drift of the east coast 

 the great Horsetail is a conspicuous species. 



Frequently, however, maritime species predominate. The 

 most interesting association, well developecl along the edge of 

 the cliffs between the North Sea Landing and the Lighthouse, 

 is the Plantago sward. Here the dominant species over con- 

 siderable areas is Plantago maritima, often with a considerable 

 admixture of P. Coronopus. The plants, closely grazed and 

 frequently trampled by visitors, are very small. The rosettes 

 are rarely more than an inch in diameter, and the leaves are 

 pressed flat to the ground ; the flowering spikes, too, are on 

 very short stalks. The chief grasses are Festiica ovina and An- 

 thoxanthum, and in places the Thrift is an abundant constituent. 



Field ponds and small marshes are numerous on the Head- 

 land, an account of which will be given later. The most 

 interesting marsh visited was near Buckton some 300 to 400 

 yards square, and for the following details I am indebted to 

 Mr. J. Fraser Robinson. 



The marsh is fed from a spring issuing from the chalk not 

 far from the cliff edge, and drains eventually into Buckton Mere. 

 The commonest species were Marsh Valerian, Glaucous Sedge, 

 and Carnation Sedge. Other common species were Ivy-leaved 

 Crowfoot, Lesser Spearwort, Marsh Marigold, Lady's Smock, 

 Water Mint, Brook Lime, and less frequent in clayey marshes 

 were Common Butterwort, Bogbean, Bog Pimpernel, Marsh 

 Orchis, Marsh Arrow Grass, Narrow-leaved Cotton Grass, and 

 Smooth \\'ater Horsetail. 



The Barnsley Technical School Magazine, No. 2, contains 60 pages, and 

 is well edited. Among the articles is one by Mr. A. Whitaker, on ' The 

 Development of the Senses in Bats,' reprinted from The Naturalist. 

 There are other natural historj- notes. 



Two parts of Cassell's Nature Book are before us. Mr. F. M. Duncan 

 describes the ' shell-dwellers,' though we like his photographs better than 

 his descriptions. There is a striking article on the ' History of a Moun- 

 tain,' by the late J. Lomas, and some beautiful photographs of fiingi, by 

 Mr. H. Irving, which are described by Maud Clarke. 



Parts XXI. and XXII. of Dr. Reinhard Brauns' Mineral Kingdom 

 have been issued, and as this remarkable work is to be completed in twenty- 

 five parts, the end is in .sight. The parts are up to the usual standard, 

 and the coloured illustrations of Fluor-spar from Cumberland, Northumber- 

 land, Durham and Derbyshire, on plate 71, are particularly fine, 



1912 July I. 



