Yorkshire Naturalists at Tebay. 275 



Monday saw the majority journeying by an early train to 

 Shap, under the guidance of Mr. J. Oliver. The threatened rain 

 came down long before the first of the quarries worked by the 

 Shap Granite Co., was reached, and, after a thorough examina- 

 tion of the geological features, a small number proceeded by 

 the tram track to the celebrated Shap Granite quarry. 



The archaeological remains in the district also received 

 attention, a portion of those who took part in Monday's ex- 

 cursion visiting the ruins of Shap Abbey, while the excellent 

 evidences of Roman occupation quite near to Tebay, the 

 ' Druidical ' Circle outside the village of Orton, and the ancient 

 church at the same place, amply repaid those who visited them. 



The general meeting was held under the presidency of 

 Mr. J. W. Taylor. Excellent reports on the work accomplished 

 during the excursions were given by Messrs W. Robinson, 

 E. Hawkesworth, T. W. Woodhead, Rosse Butterfield, 

 Fred Haxby, H. B. Booth, T. Stringer, W. P. Winter and the 

 Chairman. A hearty vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. H. 

 Goodwin, for permission to visit his estates and gardens ; to the 

 Shap Granite Co., for permission to visit their quarries ; and 

 to Mr. W. Robinson for the admirable and efficient manner in 

 which he made the local arrangements. Mr. Robinson suitably 

 acknowledged, and moved that the thanks of the Union be 

 accorded to Mr. Taylor, for the interest he had taken in the 

 various excursions of the Union during his term of office as 

 President. The resolution was carried unanimously. 



Geology.^ — Mr. Edwin Hawkesworth writes : — Silurian, 

 Old Red Sandstone (?), Basement Carboniferous, Carboni- 

 ferous Limestone, Shap Granite, added to glacial and physical 

 features of the greatest possible interest, provided an unusually 

 attractive ' bill of fare ' for the geologists. The party had the 

 great advantage of the guidance and local knowledge of Messrs. 

 W. Robinson and J. Oliver, of Sedbergh. Its work was very 

 much hindered by the bad weather, the gills being so full of 

 water that many of the sections which should have been 

 examined, were quite inaccessible. Saturday was spent in 

 studying the conglomerates, with their associated shales and 

 sandstones, which are deposited upon the upturned edges of the 

 Silurian rocks ; forming the Basement Beds of the Carboni- 

 ferous system. Most of the gills flowing northwards into the 

 Lune, between Tebay and Kirkby Stephen, cut through these 

 beds, which are extremely variable. No junction between these 

 and the older rocks is visible in the most westerly gills, but in 

 Langdale red conglomerates and sandstones were seen resting 

 on highly inclined slates. It is interesting to note that many 

 quartz pebbles, some of large size, were found in the former. 

 Proceeding eastwards, the red conglomerate appeared to be 



1912 Sept. I. 



