278 Woodhead : Botany of Cantley and Tebay. 



small flocks) in the evenings. On enquiries, we were informed 

 that these Starlings gathered there each season from the be- 

 ginning of June (a proof that the majority — if not all — the 

 Starlings of the district were single-brooded) and despite all 

 efforts to drive them away, they would not leave until the 

 leaves of the trees fell (the trees were chiefly Horse Chestnuts 

 and Sycamore), which may be, or may not be proof that these 

 Starlings were migratory. This yet remains to be proved for 

 this area ; a- they may possibly only shift their ' roost ' with 

 the fall of the leaves ; but this did not appear to be known 

 locally. 



Lepidoptera. — Mr. T. Stringer reports that the only 

 species observed were : — Coenonymph pamphilus, Pieris 

 brassiccB, P. rapae, Vanessa iiyUccb, V. cardui, Lycaena alexis, 

 larva of Bomhyx quercus var. calluncB. 



IsoPODA. — -Only two species, viz. : — ■Oniscus asellus and 

 Porcellio scaber. 



CoNCHOLOGY. — Mr. J. W. Taylor writes :■ — Owing to its 

 submontane character, the district investigated about Tebay 

 is not so favourable for the conchologist ; but thanks to the 

 diligent and persistent efforts of Mr. Stringer and Mr. Greaves, 

 and the very effective and welcome help of Mr. Winter, no 

 fewer than ten additional species were added to the known 

 molluscan fauna of the neighbourhood. Of these, only one 

 species, Euconulus julvus, found by Mr. Winter, is a Yorkshire 

 capture ; the remainder, Arion hortensis, Limax arbor mn, 

 Pupa umbilicata and Vertigo edentula amongst the land shells, 

 as well as Limncea peregra, Limncea truncatula, Ancyliis 

 fluviatilis, Pisidium fontinale and Pisidiwn miluim among the 

 freshwater species were all found within the Westmorland 

 border.— W.E.L.W. 



NOTES ON THE BOTANY OF CAUTLEY 

 AND TEBAY. 



T. W. WOODHEAD, Ph.D., F.L.S. 



During the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union excursion to Tebay, 

 August 3rd-5th, 1912, the energies of the botanists were about 

 equally divided between the counties of Yorkshire and West- 

 morland. Saturday, August 3rd, was spent on the Yorkshire 

 side in the neighbourhood of Cautley Spout and the eastern 

 slope of Howgill Fell. A study was made of the vegetation of 

 the bright green flushes of the fell sides, the intervening drier 

 grey-green ridges, the gorge at Cautley Spout, the screws on the 

 steep slopes and the higher ground of the peat-covered Fell. 



The numerous flushes of the Fell sides are carpeted with a 

 bright green vegetation, and here and there are boggy hollows 



Naturalist, 



