Woodhead : Botany of Cautley and Tehay. 281 



As the vegetation develops, and the scree becomes covered 

 except for numerous small stones on the surface, the parsley 

 fern becomes less abundant, and give place to a more stable 

 association of wiry grasses and heath associates. In addition 

 to the above-mentioned species were Sheep's Fescue grass, 

 Mat grass, Tormentil, Ling, and Club moss {L. clavatum). 



In the gorge at Cautley Spout, Ling, Cross-leaved Heath and 

 Golden Rod occurred in large showy masses hanging on the 

 rocky ledges, also shrubby specimens of Mountain Ash, Haw- 

 thorn, and Common Ash. Here ferns were abundant, e.g., 

 Male Fern [D. Filix-mas), Mountain Fern (Z). montana), Lady 

 Fern {A. Filix-fcBmina) and the Spleenworts {Asplenium 

 Trichomanes, A. viride and A. Adiantum-nigrnm) . 



The most interesting feature on the Westmorland side was 

 the extensive development of Sphagnum bogs at the Howes, 

 Gamelands, and, to a much smaller extent, on parts of the 

 Calluna heath of Low Moor. 



The bog at the Howes was carefully examined, and was 

 found to be developed on Boulder Clay resting on the Lower 

 Carboniferous shales. The dominant plant is the bog-moss 

 {Sphagnum cymhifolium). Other common mosses are Aulo- 

 comium pahistre, Polytrichum commune and P. jiiniperum. 

 Rushes and Sedges are abundant, the chief being Juncus 

 articulatus, J. conglomeratus , J. effusus, J. hulhosus, and 

 /. sqiiarrosus, Carex panicea, C. vulgaris, C. pulicaris, C. fulva 

 and C. flava. The marsh club rush [Eleocharis palustris) is 

 abundant, and in smaller quantity the cotton grasses {E. vagi- 

 natum and E. angustifolium). The chief grasses are Mollinia 

 ccBYulea, Nardus stricta and Agrostis tenuis. The Bog Asp- 

 hodel {Narthecium ossifragum) is very abundant and was 

 undoubtedly the most showy plant seen on the excursion. 

 Other common species are Ling, Cross-leaved Heath, Round- 

 leaved Sundew, Common Butterwort, Marsh Lousewort 

 {Pedicularis palustris). Marsh Bedstraw {Galium palustre), 

 Tormentil and the lichens Cladonia rangijerina and C. sylvatica. 



At Gamelands, and also at Low Moor the Bogbean {Men- 

 yanthes trifoliata) is plentiful, and on the roadside a single 

 specimen of the Marsh Gentian ( G. pnettmonanthe) w^as found. 

 In a small sphagnum bog on the grassy fells in the neighbour- 

 hood of the Shap Granite quarry the Sweet Gale {Myrica gale) 

 occurs in abundance. I 



In Volume IX., Part 2 of the Annals of the South African Museum, 

 recently published, Dr. G. S. West has an illustrated account of the Algae 

 of South Africa, in which several new species are described. 



As Supplement to No. 9 of its Journal, the Board of Agriculture has 

 recently issued ' Notes on Kerry Woods, Illustrating Methods of Collecting 

 and Utilising Information for a Forest Survey.' The pamphlet is excep- 

 tionally well illustrated, and sold at 4d. 



1912 Sept. I. 



