210 University of California Fuhlicafions in Zoology. [Vol.8 



P. levanderi Lemmermann (1900), p. 120. 



Gonyaulax sp. Van Breeman (1905), p. 42. 



C. [eratocorry^] spinifera, Schroder (1906), p. 3i:9. Lapsus. 



Gonyaulax levanderi, Paulsen (1907), p. 8. fig. 8. 



G. levanderi, Ostenfeld (1908), p. 165, pi. 5. figs. 54-58. 



G. levanderi, Paulsen (1908), [). 30, fig. 38. 



G. mangini, Faure-Premiet (1908), pp. 213, 230-, fig. 6, pi. 16, fig. 19. 



Diagnosis: A minute rotund species somewhat elongated 

 anteriorly, with relatively wide oblique girdle with considerable 

 overhang; epitheca with convex sides, with or without two or 

 more small antapical spines. Longitudinal furrow not flaring 

 much posteriorly, often abruptly widened opposite distal end 

 of girdle. Line joining ends of girdle makes an angle of 27°-40° 

 with major axis. Surface lightly marked. Length 24-50/a. 



Description: Body small, length, excluding spine 1.14-1.25 transdia- 

 meters; rotund, girdle section subcircular. Epitlieca, subconical, more 

 rotund than in G. digitale, apex subsquarely truncate, nearly a girdle 

 width across; apical horn not much differentiated or barely suggested; 

 sides slightly convex, greatest altitude, 0.6 to 0.7 transdiameter. Hypo- 

 theca subhemispherical, greatest altitude, 0.6 transdiameter, antapex 

 broadly rounded or sub-truncate between spines, with one, two or more 

 usually short antapical spines, rarely with none. The spines shown in 

 plate 10, figures 9 and 10, are exceptionally long. 



The girdle is the most striking characteristic of this species. It is 

 relativeh' very wide, one-sixth of the transdiameter across, descending, 

 displaced twice its width (2.2-3) or more, with an overhang of 1 to 2 

 girdle widths. It is deeply indented, with low ridges, sometimes salient, 

 and without lists. 



The ventral area {v.a., text fig. B.) is very oblique anteriorly, slightly 

 indents the epitheca, is laterally compressed almost to closure between 

 the overhanging ends of the girdle and is nearly straight posteriorly with 

 a slight deflection to the left side of the body. It is not expanded pos- 

 teriorly as in G. digitale (Pouchet), its distal end being about 1.4 wider 

 than at the distal posterior girdle ridge. The most marked and fairly 

 constant feature is its abrupt almost rectangular expansion to the left 

 just opposite to the distal end of the girdle, a feature not prominent in 

 G. digitale or G. diegensis. This expansion is better shown in plate 10, 

 figure 10, than in plate 16, figure 39. 



Plate formula is 3', 0", 6", 6, 6'", IP, 1"". Apical 1' is curved with 

 large ovate or elliptical closing platelet {cl. pi., pi. 10, figs. 8, 9). Apical 

 3' bears a faint trace (pi. 16, fig. 39, and text fig. B) of a curved marking 

 resembling a suture line which marks off the apical-median part of the 

 plate in somewhat the same fashion in which apical 4' is delimited in 

 G. diegensis. I have not been able ^ separate this as a plate in G. spini- 

 fera and the marking is often absent. Ventral pore (v. po.) is on median 

 edge of apical S', about one-half of the distance from the apex to the 



